{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:38:22Z","timestamp":1777927102226,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612828800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Perit Dial Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The objectives of this study were to provide a summary of the pharmacokinetic data of some intraperitoneal (IP) antibiotics that could be used for both empirical and culture-directed therapy, as per the ISPD recommendations, and examine factors to consider when using IP antibiotics for the management of automated peritoneal dialysis (APD)-associated peritonitis. A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, MEDLINE and Google Scholar for articles published between 1998 and 2020 was conducted. To be eligible, articles had to describe the use of antibiotics via the IP route in adult patients \u226518 years old on APD in the context of pharmacokinetic studies or case reports\/series. Articles describing the use of IP antibiotics that had been recently reviewed (cefazolin, vancomycin, gentamicin and ceftazidime) or administered for non-APD-associated peritonitis were excluded. A total of 1119 articles were identified, of which 983 abstracts were screened. Seventy-three full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Eight records were included in the final study. Three reports had pharmacokinetic data in patients on APD without peritonitis. Each of cefepime 15 mg\/kg IP, meropenem 0.5 g IP and fosfomycin 4 g IP given in single doses achieved drug plasma concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for treating the susceptible organisms. The remaining five records were case series or reports in patients on APD with peritonitis. While pharmacokinetic data support intermittent cefepime 15 mg\/kg IP daily, only meropenem 0.5 g IP and fosfomycin 4 g IP are likely to be effective if given in APD exchanges with dwell times of 15 h. Higher doses may be required in APD with shorter dwell times. Information on therapeutic efficacy was derived from case reports\/series in individual patients and without therapeutic drug monitoring. Until more pharmacokinetic data are available on these antibiotics, it would be prudent to shift patients who develop peritonitis on APD to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, where pharmacokinetic information is more readily available.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0896860821990528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]],"date-time":"2021-02-13T05:27:37Z","timestamp":1613194057000},"page":"261-272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of culture-directed antibiotics for the treatment of peritonitis in automated peritoneal dialysis: A systematic narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6445-4314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chau Wei","family":"Ling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamal","family":"Sud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Departments of Renal Medicine, Nepean and Westmead Hospitals, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Peritoneal Dialysis Unit, Regional Dialysis Centre, Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Connie","family":"Van","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed Tabish Razi","family":"Zaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9344-1013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul P.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory M.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald L.","family":"Castelino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080502500311"},{"key":"bibr2-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080102103S33"},{"key":"bibr3-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01543-10"},{"key":"bibr4-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2016.00078"},{"key":"bibr5-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2009.00235"},{"key":"bibr6-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.09730913"},{"key":"bibr7-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2018.00209"},{"key":"bibr8-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1"},{"key":"bibr9-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080502500414"},{"key":"bibr10-0896860821990528","unstructured":"European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters 2020 Version 10.0. https:\/\/www.eucast.org\/fileadmin\/src\/media\/PDFs\/EUCAST_files\/Breakpoint_tables\/v_10.0_Breakpoint_Tables.pdf (accessed 22 August 2020)."},{"key":"bibr11-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02664-15"},{"key":"bibr12-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00126-12"},{"key":"bibr13-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.30.11.1136"},{"key":"bibr14-0896860821990528","first-page":"63","volume":"21","author":"Machuca E","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv Perit Dial Conf Peritoneal Dial"},{"key":"bibr15-0896860821990528","first-page":"66","volume":"21","author":"Ortiz AM","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv Perit Dial Conf Peritoneal Dial"},{"key":"bibr16-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000045676"},{"key":"bibr17-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080702700524"},{"key":"bibr18-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq118"},{"key":"bibr19-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01183-09"},{"key":"bibr20-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005284.pub3"},{"key":"bibr21-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080302300610"},{"key":"bibr22-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.06.008"},{"key":"bibr23-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-78940-8_9"},{"key":"bibr24-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2009.00242"},{"key":"bibr25-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1856-1"},{"key":"bibr26-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05958-11"},{"key":"bibr27-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp282"},{"key":"bibr28-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02099-12"},{"key":"bibr29-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.05.019"},{"key":"bibr30-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686089301302S88"},{"key":"bibr31-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meropenem overdose. Reactions weekly. 2017; 1640(1): 239.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40278-017-26792-1"},{"key":"bibr32-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2013.05.018"},{"key":"bibr33-0896860821990528","volume-title":"Amikacin","author":"Sizar O","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr34-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2011.00883.x"},{"key":"bibr35-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm079"},{"key":"bibr36-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2012.00318"},{"key":"bibr37-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200161060-00001"},{"key":"bibr38-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.36.9.1951"},{"key":"bibr39-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.2.414"},{"key":"bibr40-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.6.1387"},{"key":"bibr41-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809102500210"},{"key":"bibr42-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw250"},{"key":"bibr43-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686089501500214"},{"key":"bibr44-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(85)90104-4"},{"key":"bibr45-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.4.530"},{"key":"bibr46-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00526-06"},{"key":"bibr47-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00687-16"},{"key":"bibr48-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2004.07.002"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr49-0896860821990528","first-page":"375","volume":"31","author":"Garc\u00eda-L\u00f3pez L","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nefrologia"},{"key":"bibr50-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000328028"},{"key":"bibr51-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080502500402"},{"key":"bibr52-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.11.2948-2953.2000"},{"key":"bibr53-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/62.11.1145"},{"key":"bibr54-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.1988.tb02756.x"},{"key":"bibr55-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V132470"},{"key":"bibr56-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027318"},{"key":"bibr57-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1171310"},{"key":"bibr58-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41100-018-0150-2"},{"key":"bibr59-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2018.00026"},{"key":"bibr60-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2010.00294"},{"key":"bibr61-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00630117"},{"key":"bibr62-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080002000619"},{"key":"bibr63-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2015.00018"},{"key":"bibr64-0896860821990528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-139X.2002.00103.x"}],"container-title":["Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0896860821990528","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0896860821990528","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0896860821990528","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:34:53Z","timestamp":1777674893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0896860821990528"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0896860821990528"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0896860821990528","relation":{},"ISSN":["0896-8608","1718-4304"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0896-8608","type":"print"},{"value":"1718-4304","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]}}}