{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T04:27:45Z","timestamp":1782534465527,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Perit Dial Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peritonitis is a serious complication associated with risks of death and transfer to haemodialysis for patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). To mitigate such risks, it is important to identify potentially reversible risk factors, such as hypokalaemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients who started PD at the Princess Alexandra Hospital, Australia from 1\n                      <jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>\n                      January 2013 to 31\n                      <jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>\n                      December 2022 were included. Hypokalaemia, defined as serum potassium &lt;3.5\u2005mmol\/L, was assessed at the time of PD initiation and evaluated as categories (&lt;3.5\u2005mmol\/L, 3.5\u20134.5\u2005mmol\/L and &gt;4.5\u2005mmol\/L) based on 6-month average after PD commencement. Time to first peritonitis was examined using multi-variable Cox survival analyses censored for transplantation, recovery of kidney function or loss to follow up. Competing risk regression was conducted as sensitivity analysis. Peritonitis rates were compared using Poisson regression analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 486 patients were included. 6-Month average serum potassium level was &lt;3.5\u2005mmol\/L in 30 patients (6.2%), 3.5\u20134.5\u2005mmol\/L in 301 patients (62%) and &gt;4.5\u2005mmol\/L in 155 patients (32%). During the study period, 192 patients experienced peritonitis with comparable proportions across all three groups (35%, 40% and 40%, respectively). Using multi-variable regression modelling, we found that time to first peritonitis was not significantly associated with hypokalaemia based on 6-month average (hazard ratio 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67\u20131.95) or baseline hypokalaemia (hazard ratio 0.73, 95% CI 0.34\u20131.54). Using the categories based on 6-month average serum potassium level, mean peritonitis rate was higher among patients in the &lt;3.5\u2005mmol\/L group (0.79 episodes\/patient-year) compared to those in the 3.5\u20134.5\u2005mmol\/L (0.61 episodes\/patient-year) and &gt;4.5\u2005mmol\/L (0.47 episodes\/patient-year), whilst the difference was not significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2005=\u20050.14).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, no significant association was identified between hypokalaemia and risk of peritonitis, although estimates were imprecise.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08968608251352634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T06:21:42Z","timestamp":1751264502000},"page":"378-385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hypokalaemia and peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis: Association, risk factors and outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5771-1223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shabana","family":"Kalla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Alexandra Hospital"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5491-3460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David W","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Alexandra Hospital"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Alexandra Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marguerite","family":"Conley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Alexandra Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmel","family":"Hawley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Alexandra Hospital"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"van Eps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Alexandra Hospital"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3502-9837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeoungjee","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Alexandra Hospital"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"1737","article-title":"Establishing a core outcome measure for peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis: a standardized outcomes in nephrology-peritoneal dialysis consensus workshop report","volume":"7","author":"Shen JI","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shen JI, et al. Establishing a core outcome measure for peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis: a standardized outcomes in nephrology-peritoneal dialysis consensus workshop report. Kidney Int Rep 2022; 7: 1737\u20131744.","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2022.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfu050"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.02.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-004-6194-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08968608221080586"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.SJA_543_18"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127453"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11247518"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfn709"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107485"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CN107249"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0896860821993950"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000091587.55159.5F"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2005.00374.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2011.00244"}],"container-title":["Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08968608251352634","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08968608251352634","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08968608251352634","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T11:48:02Z","timestamp":1781092082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08968608251352634"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08968608251352634"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08968608251352634","relation":{},"ISSN":["0896-8608","1718-4304"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0896-8608","type":"print"},{"value":"1718-4304","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]}}}