{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T23:49:04Z","timestamp":1791676144852,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Perit Dial Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sorbent peritoneal dialysis (SPD) removes a tidal volume of spent dialysate, passing it through sorbent layers before infusing replacement electrolytes and dextrose to regenerate dialysate. We examine the five devices using SPD in published literature, reviewing their design, dialysis clearance, and ultrafiltration (UF) capacity\u2014Automated Wearable Artificial Kidney (AWAK), now called Viva Kompact since 2024, Carry Life System PD\/Carry Life UF, Wearable Artificial Kidney (WEAKID), Vicenza Wearable Artificial Kidney (ViWAK), and Renart-PD. Carry Life devices and Viva Kompact have reported on human trials, WEAKID and Renart-PD on animal studies, while ViWAK has published in vitro data. All devices have published data on dialysis clearance capabilities. WEAKID and Carry Life PD achieved a high dialysate:plasma concentration gradient for small solutes. Viva Kompact and Renart-PD reported stable or lower serum concentrations of urea, creatinine, phosphate, and \u03b22-microglogulin following treatments. ViWAK demonstrated removal of creatinine, B2 microglobulin, and angiogenin to &lt;10% of pre-treatment levels. UF capacity remains unknown for many devices. In human trials, Carry Life UF has achieved 863 mL UF in a 5-h treatment with the addition of 20 g\/h of glucose to 1.5% dextrose dialysate. Viva Kompact has demonstrated 877 mL UF in a 9-h treatment using 1.5% dextrose dialysate in an animal model, comparable to 10-h APD, with the addition of 6.6 g\/h glucose. Both devices have demonstrated improved UF per gram of glucose used. The expected use of these devices varies greatly, from an adjunct to currently available treatments to a complete replacement for current modalities. Large-scale, human studies are needed to determine their role in the future of PD delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08968608251371951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T16:14:54Z","timestamp":1758212094000},"page":"499-509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Advances in sorbent peritoneal dialysis technologies: A narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2257-6264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan Br\u00edd","family":"McGrath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Department, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0988-4407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pauline","family":"Kosalka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences North"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3604-8690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjorie W","family":"Foo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6597-7267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Htay","family":"Htay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4453-6486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwina A","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Department, Imperial College Healthcare, NHS, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1917-6255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin GF","family":"Gerritsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Department, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0901-4145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olof","family":"Heimb\u00fcrger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CLINTEC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0048-2401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arsh K","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Department, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"126","article-title":"Sorbent based regenerating delivery system for use in peritoneal dialysis","volume":"3","author":"Lewin AJ","year":"1973","unstructured":"Lewin AJ, Gordon A, Greenbaum MA, et al. Sorbent based regenerating delivery system for use in peritoneal dialysis. Proc Clin Dial Transplant Forum 1973; 3: 126\u2013129.","journal-title":"Proc Clin Dial Transplant Forum"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000046951"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08968608211019232"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","volume-title":"Ultrafiltration Management with Sorbent-Based Automated Wearable Artificial Kidney (AWAK) Peritoneal Dialysis Prescriptions in a Pig ModelInternational Society of Peritoneal Dialysis Conference","author":"Jain A","unstructured":"Jain A, Htay H, Brown E, et al. Ultrafiltration Management with Sorbent-Based Automated Wearable Artificial Kidney (AWAK) Peritoneal Dialysis Prescriptions in a Pig Model. 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Kidney Int Rep 2019; 4: S183.","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","volume-title":"Effect of Automated Wearable Artificial Kidney (AWAK) Device on Toxin Clearance and Safety in Peritoneal Dialysis PatientsAmerican Society of Nephrology Conference","author":"Foo M","unstructured":"Foo M, Htay H, Gow S, et al. Effect of Automated Wearable Artificial Kidney (AWAK) Device on Toxin Clearance and Safety in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. In: American Society of Nephrology Conference, Washington, 5\u201311 November 2019. FR-OR101."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"44","article-title":"Towards wearable peritoneal dialysis \u2013 tidal peritoneal dialysis using low tidal and reserve volumes","volume":"16","author":"Collins J","year":"2011","unstructured":"Collins J, Foo M, Roberts M, et al. Towards wearable peritoneal dialysis \u2013 tidal peritoneal dialysis using low tidal and reserve volumes. Nephrology 2011; 16: 44\u201369.","journal-title":"Nephrology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","volume-title":"Prepivotal Study Exploring Safety, Efficacy, and Usability of the Automated Wearable Artificial Kidney (AWAK) PD deviceAmerican Society of Nephrology Conference","author":"Foo M","unstructured":"Foo M, Brown E, Jain A, et al. Prepivotal Study Exploring Safety, Efficacy, and Usability of the Automated Wearable Artificial Kidney (AWAK) PD device. In: American Society of Nephrology Conference, 23-27 October San Diego 2024. TH-OR69."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","volume-title":"Examining Ultrafiltration Variance across Two Peritoneal Dialysis Prescriptions of the Automated Wearable Artificial Kidney (AWAK) in a Porcine ModelAmerican Society of Nephrology Conference","author":"Jain A","unstructured":"Jain A, Huda SN, Chirumarry S, et al. Examining Ultrafiltration Variance across Two Peritoneal Dialysis Prescriptions of the Automated Wearable Artificial Kidney (AWAK) in a Porcine Model. 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