{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:06:28Z","timestamp":1787241988872,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Perit Dial Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The global water crisis poses challenges for water-intensive sectors, such as healthcare. In Mexico, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is used by almost half of patients on renal replacement therapy, generating significant volumes of peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) that are discarded without reuse. Unlike haemodialysis effluents, whose reuse has already been demonstrated, PDE lacks technical evidence regarding its biochemical and microbiological safety for potential non-potable applications. The objective of this study was to biochemically and microbiologically characterise the PDE generated by patients with chronic kidney disease in CAPD, comparing them with treated wastewater (TWW) and analysing their potential for non-potable reuse.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PDEs obtained from CAPD patients were studied and compared with 18 TWW samples from urban and industrial plants. Biochemical parameters (glucose, creatinine, urea, uric acid, electrolytes, pH, and residual chlorine) and microbiological parameters (mesophilic bacteria, gram negative, gram positive, coliforms, and fungi) were analysed using automated methods and classical culture, respectively. Student's t test (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) was used to determine significant differences between groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The PDE showed significantly higher concentrations of glucose (&gt;750\u2005mg\/dL), urea, creatinine, and electrolytes compared to TWW (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), reflecting its hyperosmolar nature. The pH was neutral (\u223c7) and there was no residual chlorine. The complete absence of cultivable microbiological load in PDE was highlighted, unlike TWW, which presented significant elevated bacterial and fungal counts. These findings suggest a favourable microbiological profile of PDE, but a limiting biochemical load for its direct reuse.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PDE has potential for non-potable reuse, especially in agricultural or industrial applications, but requires advanced treatment such as reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, among others, to remove its high solute load. It is essential to create a specific regulatory framework for the reuse of this type of effluent, provided its safety is guaranteed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08968608261415964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T22:17:53Z","timestamp":1768947473000},"page":"335-344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Peritoneal dialysis effluent as a non-potable water resource: Biochemical and microbiological characterization compared to treated wastewater"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Clemente","family":"Cruz-Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Ju\u00e1rez de M\u00e9xico"},{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonel Pedro","family":"Rom\u00e1n L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Ju\u00e1rez de M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianela","family":"Paredes-Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Nezahualc\u00f3yotl"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Loyola-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Ju\u00e1rez de M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiram Jos\u00e9","family":"Serrano Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Ju\u00e1rez de M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilio Mariano","family":"Dur\u00e1n-Manuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Ju\u00e1rez de M\u00e9xico"},{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayra Eugenia","family":"Avil\u00e9s Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Ju\u00e1rez de M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio C\u00e9sar","family":"Ju\u00e1rez-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Bacteriolog\u00eda, Hospital Ju\u00e1rez de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Octavio Ren\u00e9","family":"Garc\u00eda Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Ju\u00e1rez de M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia Camelia","family":"Calzada-Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viridiana","family":"Galicia Galicia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Ju\u00e1rez de M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Flores-Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Bacteriolog\u00eda, Hospital Ju\u00e1rez de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0205-817X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enzo","family":"V\u00e1squez-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Ju\u00e1rez de M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Bello-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Ju\u00e1rez de M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frsc.2022.790633"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes13060612"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Instituto Mexicano para la Competitividad (IMCO). 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