{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:55:13Z","timestamp":1777859713461,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]],"date-time":"2016-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468022400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This investigation evaluated the incidence, severity, and harm of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with antipsychotic use for intensive care unit (ICU) delirium.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective, observational study patients were screened for development of delirium with the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC). An ICDSC score of \u22654 was considered delirious. Patients with delirium were screened daily for ADRs. Suspected ADRs were evaluated for drug causality using 3 published, objective assessment tools. Suspected ADRs were considered positive when 2 of 3 instruments had an agreement rating of \u201cpossible\u201d or greater. ADR severity was defined as \u201cmild\/moderate\u201d or \u201csevere\u201d using the National Cancer Institute\u2019s Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events scale. A modified National Coordinating Council Medication Error Reporting Index for Categorizing Errors categorized ADRs into \u201cno harm\u201d or \u201charmful.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 90 patients with delirium, 56 received antipsychotics. Ten suspected ADRs occurred attributed to antipsychotic use. QTc prolongation was the most observed ADR (50%). Patients with ADRs had higher mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores ( P = .038). Patients who received haloperidol experienced more severe ( P = .048) ADRs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ADRs were observed in 18% of patients having delirium treated with antipsychotics with about half considered severe or harmful. A risk versus benefit assessment is needed before initiating antipsychotic therapy in ICU patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190014566313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,21]],"date-time":"2015-01-21T21:25:46Z","timestamp":1421875546000},"page":"355-360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["An Evaluation of Adverse Drug Reactions Associated With Antipsychotic Use for the Treatment of Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Genevieve M.","family":"Hale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra L.","family":"Kane-Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Groetzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela L.","family":"Smithburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"},{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0897190014566313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000119429.16055.92"},{"key":"bibr2-0897190014566313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr3-0897190014566313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-006-0399-8"},{"key":"bibr4-0897190014566313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182783b72"},{"key":"bibr5-0897190014566313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-011-0102-9"},{"key":"bibr6-0897190014566313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.14.1753"},{"key":"bibr7-0897190014566313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2007.10.002"},{"key":"bibr8-0897190014566313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089198879801100304"},{"key":"bibr9-0897190014566313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(13)70166-8"},{"key":"bibr10-0897190014566313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181b9e302"},{"key":"bibr11-0897190014566313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1313"},{"key":"bibr12-0897190014566313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2012.10.014"},{"key":"bibr13-0897190014566313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740331003739188"},{"key":"bibr14-0897190014566313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000499"},{"key":"bibr15-0897190014566313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340100909"},{"key":"bibr16-0897190014566313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000166867.78320.AC"},{"key":"bibr17-0897190014566313","unstructured":"TheraDoc\n                      \u2122\n                      Clinical Surveillance System. 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