{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:55:21Z","timestamp":1777859721799,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]],"date-time":"2016-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468022400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate whether statin use influences gastrointestinal cancer prognosis in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reviewed all DM patients diagnosed at Roswell Park Cancer Institute with emergent gastrointestinal malignancy (January 2003 to December 2010) (N = 222). Baseline demographic, clinical history, and cancer outcomes were documented. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) comparisons across various treatment groups were assessed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Use of statin, alone or in combination, was associated with improved OS and DFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.65, P = .06; HR = 0.60, P &lt; .02). We report similar OS and DFS advantage among users of mono- or combined metformin therapy (HR = 0.55, P &lt; .01; HR = 0.63, P &lt; .02). Concomitant use of metformin and statin provided a synergistic OS and DFS benefit (HR = 0.42, P &lt; .01; HR = 0.44, P &lt; .01). Despite significant tobacco and alcohol use history, patients with upper gastrointestinal cancers derived enhanced cancer outcomes from this combination (HR = 0.34, P &lt; .01; HR = 0.43, P &lt; .02), while receiving a statin without metformin or metformin without a statin did not provide significant cancer-related benefits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Use of statin and metformin provides a synergistic improvement in gastrointestinal malignancies outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190015627255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,25]],"date-time":"2016-01-25T21:24:12Z","timestamp":1453757052000},"page":"185-194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Synergistic Benefit of Statin and Metformin in Gastrointestinal Malignancies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"George K.","family":"Nimako","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"},{"name":"Pharmacy Service, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zachary A. P.","family":"Wintrob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"},{"name":"Pharmacy Service, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dmitriy A.","family":"Sulik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Donato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice C.","family":"Ceacareanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"},{"name":"Pharmacy Service, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 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