{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:58:54Z","timestamp":1791824334941,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,28]],"date-time":"2017-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1495929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute pharyngitis is among the most common infectious diseases encountered in the United States, resulting in 13 million patient visits annually, with group A streptococcus (GAS) being a common causative pathogen. It is estimated that annual expenditures for the treatment of adult pharyngitis will exceed US$1.2 billion annually. This substantial projection reinforces the need to evaluate diagnosis and treatment of adult pharyngitis in nontraditional settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this research is to quantify the amount of pharmacist time required to complete a point-of-care (POC) test for a patient presenting with pharyngitis symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A standardized patient with pharyngitis symptoms visited 11 pharmacies for POC testing services for a total of 33 patient encounters. An observer was present at each encounter and recorded the total encounter time, divided into 9 categories. Pharmacists conducted POC testing in 1 of 2 ways: sequence 1\u2014pharmacists performed all service-related tasks; sequence 2\u2014both pharmacists and pharmacist interns performed service-related tasks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The average time for completion of a POC test for GAS pharyngitis was 25.3 \u00b1 4.8 minutes. The average pharmacist participation time per encounter was 12.7 \u00b1 3.0 minutes (sequence 1), which decreased to 2.6 \u00b1 1.1 minutes when pharmacist interns were involved in the testing (sequence 2).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although additional studies are required to further assess service feasibility, this study indicates that a GAS POC testing service could be implemented in a community pharmacy with limited disruption or change to workflow and staff.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190017710518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]],"date-time":"2017-05-29T02:41:58Z","timestamp":1496025718000},"page":"284-291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Observation of a Pharmacist-Conducted Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis Point-of-Care Test: A Time and Motion Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Carolyn E.","family":"Corn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Outpatient Specialty Pharmacy, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald G.","family":"Klepser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy (Pharmacy Practice), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison M.","family":"Dering-Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy (Pharmacy Practice), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terrence G.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy (Pharmacy Practice), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Klepser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaclyn K.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy (Pharmacy Practice), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0897190017710518","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e587152010-001"},{"key":"bibr2-0897190017710518","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200101183440308"},{"key":"bibr3-0897190017710518","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02596317"},{"key":"bibr4-0897190017710518","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.13.1374"},{"key":"bibr5-0897190017710518","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7599.2005.00072.x"},{"key":"bibr6-0897190017710518","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.10.1181"},{"key":"bibr7-0897190017710518","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis847"},{"key":"bibr8-0897190017710518","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/430792"},{"key":"bibr9-0897190017710518","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/500140"},{"key":"bibr10-0897190017710518","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0501.990102"},{"key":"bibr11-0897190017710518","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2007.00286.x"},{"key":"bibr12-0897190017710518","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0484"},{"key":"bibr13-0897190017710518","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-139-2-200307150-00011"},{"key":"bibr14-0897190017710518","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0879"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr15-0897190017710518","first-page":"e145","volume":"18","author":"Klepser DG","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"bibr16-0897190017710518","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X8100100304"},{"key":"bibr17-0897190017710518","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.08056"},{"key":"bibr18-0897190017710518","first-page":"40","volume":"50","author":"Heath D","year":"2012","journal-title":"Michigan Pharmacist"},{"key":"bibr19-0897190017710518","first-page":"27","volume":"51","author":"Heath D","year":"2013","journal-title":"Michigan Pharmacist"},{"key":"bibr20-0897190017710518","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2015.11.008"},{"key":"bibr21-0897190017710518","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2015.11.013"},{"key":"bibr22-0897190017710518","unstructured":"QuickVue In-Line Strep A Test [package insert]. 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