{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:26:00Z","timestamp":1781108760785,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693353600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the United States, the scope of practice of pharmacists is determined primarily at the state level. Not all state laws expressly permit or prohibit pharmacists from providing certain services; in between is a grey area of legal silence. Does legal silence permit pharmacists to perform a service that is not specifically permitted, but not expressly prohibited? Point-of-care testing provides a useful case study in legal silence: there are 1536 pharmacies currently holding a CLIA-waiver to administer tests in states reporting that pharmacists are not expressly permitted to administer tests. Legal silence may even provide a better framework for pharmacy based testing as it is naturally inclusive of any point-of-care test and no laws need updated when a new test comes to the market. Other health professions navigate this legal silence by governing according to a \u201cstandard of care.\u201d Rather than specifying a list of services a health professional can or cannot provide in law, it provides a flexible framework for the health professional to provide any service that other similarly situated health professionals would provide in the same or similar situation. A standard of care regulatory framework should thus be the target of the pharmacy profession in order to advance patient care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08971900231199283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T06:36:48Z","timestamp":1693377408000},"page":"810-813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Regulating Pharmacist Clinical Services: Is Legal Silence Golden or Deafening?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4350-8985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex J.","family":"Adams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Idaho Division of Financial Management, Eagle, ID, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24926\/iip.v10i2.1389"},{"key":"bibr2-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028016653608"},{"key":"bibr3-08971900231199283","volume-title":"Pharmacist Prescribing: \u201cTest and Treat\u201d","author":"National Alliance of State Pharmacy Associations","year":"2022"},{"key":"bibr4-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1331\/154434506776180621"},{"key":"bibr5-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028018763883"},{"key":"bibr6-08971900231199283","unstructured":"National Alliance of State Pharmacy Associations (NASPA) and College of Psychiatric and Neurologic Pharmacists (CPNP). State policy recommendations for pharmacist administration of medications. 2017. https:\/\/naspa.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Medication-Administration-Meeting-Report-FINAL.pdf (Accessed February 4, 2023)."},{"key":"bibr7-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24926\/iip.v7i3.457"},{"key":"bibr8-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24926\/iip.v11i3.1532"},{"key":"bibr9-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp090269"},{"key":"bibr10-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.06.001"},{"key":"bibr11-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1331\/1544-3191.46.5.594.Rodis"},{"key":"bibr12-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2016.03.007"},{"key":"bibr13-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737159.2015.1116388"},{"key":"bibr14-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2015.09.006"},{"key":"bibr15-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0b013e31821138ae"},{"key":"bibr16-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000000276"},{"key":"bibr17-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2022.08.010"},{"key":"bibr18-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.12.003"},{"key":"bibr19-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.04.563"},{"key":"bibr20-08971900231199283","volume-title":"Survey of Pharmacy Law","author":"National Association of Boards of Pharmacy","year":"2023"},{"key":"bibr21-08971900231199283","unstructured":"National Alliance of State Pharmacy Associations (NASPA). NASPA pharmacy-based point-of-care test & treat national certificate program. https:\/\/naspa.us\/pharmacy-based-point-of-care-testing-certificate-program\/https:\/\/naspa.us\/pharmacy-based-point-of-care-testing-certificate-program\/ (Accessed March 12, 2023)."},{"key":"bibr22-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz365"},{"key":"bibr23-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpp.12488"},{"key":"bibr24-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2015.11.013"},{"key":"bibr25-08971900231199283","author":"Ruggles R","year":"2015","journal-title":"Omaha Herald"},{"key":"bibr26-08971900231199283","volume-title":"CLIA Waived Laboratory Tests","author":"North Dakota Board of Pharmacy"},{"key":"bibr27-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24926\/iip.v12i4.4290"},{"key":"bibr28-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/8755122515579106"},{"key":"bibr29-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2015.15528"},{"key":"bibr30-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3821\/1913-701X-143.1.37"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr31-08971900231199283","first-page":"109","volume":"12","author":"Moffett P","year":"2011","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"key":"bibr32-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2020.07.013"},{"key":"bibr33-08971900231199283","unstructured":"Idaho Board of Pharmacy. Rule 100. https:\/\/adminrules.idaho.gov\/rules\/current\/24\/243601.pdf https:\/\/adminrules.idaho.gov\/rules\/current\/24\/243601.pdf (Accessed March 12, 2023)."},{"key":"bibr34-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy8030112"},{"key":"bibr35-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.06.025"},{"key":"bibr36-08971900231199283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jac5.1465"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08971900231199283","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08971900231199283","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08971900231199283","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:38:17Z","timestamp":1777509497000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08971900231199283"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08971900231199283"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08971900231199283","relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-1900","1531-1937"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-1900","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-1937","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]]}}}