{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T06:02:29Z","timestamp":1785132149778,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"21-22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Headache is the most common pain complaint following mild traumatic brain injury. Roughly half of those with persistent post-traumatic headache (PPTH) also report neck pain, which is associated with greater severity and functional impact of headache. This observational cohort study aimed to identify biological phenotypes to help inform mechanism-based approaches in the management of PPTH with co-occurring neck pain. Thirty-three military veterans [mean (standard deviation) = 37 \u00b1 16 years, 29 males] with PPTH completed a clinical assessment, quantitative sensory testing, and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and cervical spine. Multidimensional phenotyping was performed using a Random Forest analysis and Partitioning Around Medoids clustering of input features from three biological domains: (1) resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the periaqueductal gray (PAG), (2) quality and size of cervical muscles, and (3) mechanical pain sensitivity and modulation. Two subgroups were distinguished by biological features that included forehead pressure pain threshold and rsFC between the PAG and selected nodes within the default mode, salience, and sensorimotor networks. Compared to the High Pain Coping group, the Low Pain Coping group exhibited higher pain-related anxiety (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.009), higher pain catastrophizing (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.004), lower pain self-efficacy (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.010), and greater headache-related disability (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.012). Although limited by a modest sample size, findings suggest that greater functional connectivity of pain modulation networks involving the PAG combined with impairments in craniofacial pain sensitivity, but not cervical muscle health, distinguish a clinically important subgroup of individuals with PPTH who are less able to cope with pain and more severely impacted by headache.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08977151251360246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T16:19:45Z","timestamp":1763396385000},"page":"1907-1922","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Biological Markers of Brain Network Connectivity and Pain Sensitivity Distinguish Low Coping from High Coping Veterans with Persistent Post-Traumatic Headache"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4643-283X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrina S.","family":"Monroe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn M.","family":"Schiehser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron W.","family":"Parr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, San Diego State University\/University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan N.","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Health Scientist, Center of Excellence in Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea C.","family":"Hays Weeks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA San Diego Healthcare System, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara A.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahar","family":"Shahidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3181ccc8b4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12123"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003839"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury and chronic pain: Differential types and rates by head injury severity","volume":"74","author":"Uomoto JM","year":"1993","unstructured":"Uomoto JM, , Esselman PC. 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