{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T06:02:29Z","timestamp":1785132149317,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major global health issue contributing to significant disability and mortality. The TBI-induced secondary injury cascade, characterized by neuroinflammation, neural cell death, and tissue damage, results in lifelong functional deficits. Alpha-\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -[(R)-1, 2-dithiolane-3-pentanoyl]\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    -glutamyl-\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    -alanine (CMX-2043) is a novel alpha lipoic acid (ALA)-based therapeutic that has neuroprotective, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties that mitigate cellular, tissue, and functional deficits following TBI. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of CMX-2043 on neural injury severity and functional recovery in a clinically relevant porcine TBI model. CMX-2043 was administered 1-h post-TBI subcutaneously (SQ;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 8) or intravenously (IV;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 8) for a total of 5 days. Control piglets (placebo;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 11) received saline subcutaneously. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), immunohistochemistry analysis, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) neurological evaluation, and social recognition testing (SRT) were evaluated up to 42 days post-TBI. MRI revealed that SQ and IV CMX-2043 administration reduced hemispheric swelling and atrophy, lesion volume, midline shift, and intracerebral hemorrhage and preserved diffusivity, cerebral blood flow, and white matter integrity. CMX-2043-mediated neuroprotection and regeneration were indicated by increased neural cell density, decreased neuroinflammation, and enhanced neurogenesis following SQ and IV administration. These cellular and tissue-level changes corresponded with reduced neurological deficits and rapid cognitive recovery as indicated by improved mRS and SRT results, respectively. Collectively, these results observed in a translational large animal porcine model suggest that CMX-2043 holds significant clinical value to potentially mitigate TBI pathophysiology and promote functional recovery.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08977151251363584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T07:12:21Z","timestamp":1768979541000},"page":"134-148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CMX-2043 Treatment Limits Neural Injury Pathophysiology and Promotes Neurological and Cognitive Recovery in a Pediatric Porcine Traumatic Brain Injury Model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4719-9269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah L.","family":"Schantz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA."},{"name":"Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA."},{"name":"Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor H.","family":"LePage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA."},{"name":"Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie T.","family":"Dubrof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sydney E.","family":"Sneed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA."},{"name":"Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savannah R.","family":"Cheek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA."},{"name":"Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hea Jin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah A.","family":"Barany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA."},{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Mary Frances Early College of Education, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA."},{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly A.","family":"Kinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA."},{"name":"Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kylee J.","family":"Duberstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA."},{"name":"Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"DeWahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ischemix, Inc., Grafton, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander B.","family":"Baguisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ischemix, Inc., Grafton, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry O.","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ischemix, Inc., Grafton, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin E.","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA."},{"name":"Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA."},{"name":"Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franklin D.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA."},{"name":"Department of Animal and Dairy 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