{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T06:02:31Z","timestamp":1785132151081,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of acquired disability in children, potentially leading to neurocognitive deficits that affect daily functioning. This study explored the impact of pediatric TBI on neurocognitive network organization and its relation to intelligence and behavior problems. This observational multicenter study prospectively included 113 children with mild to severe TBI and 113 neurologically healthy (NH) children, matched for sex, age and socio-economic status. Six months post-TBI, neurocognitive functioning was assessed using computerized tests, intelligence outcome was assessed with Wechsler tests, and behavior problems were assessed through questionnaires. Conventional analysis of neurocognitive data involved calculating test performance scores, while network analysis involved the use of graph theory on individual neurocognitive data to explore neurocognitive network organization. Results of the conventional analysis showed that children with TBI had lower performance than NH children in Speed, Stability, Attention &amp; Control, Verbal Working Memory, and Visual Working Memory (0.009 \u2264\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2264 0.047, \u22120.42 \u2264\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2264 \u22120.29, small effect sizes). Network analysis showed lower\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">centralization<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the neurocognitive network organization of children with TBI compared to NH children (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.04,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                    = \u22120.38). No differences were found in other network parameters (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2265 0.20). Neurocognitive network organization in children with TBI was related to intelligence (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 29.7%) and internalizing behavior problems (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 6.0%). Neurocognitive network organization was related stronger to externalizing behavior problems (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 21.6%, 95% CI = 13.7\u201334.6%) than measures of conventional neurocognitive performance (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 9.4%). This study indicates that pediatric TBI disrupts the neurocognitive network and is characterized by a less centralized organization compared to peers. Neurocognitive network organization may contribute to our understanding of outcomes following TBI, particularly regarding externalizing behavior problems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08977151251376627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T15:44:26Z","timestamp":1758555866000},"page":"109-122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neurocognitive Network Organization in Children with Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8406-5199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cece C.","family":"Kooper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."},{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marsh","family":"K\u00f6nigs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."},{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."},{"name":"Emma Children\u2019s Hospital Amsterdam UMC Follow Me program, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjan E.","family":"Steenweg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maayke","family":"Hunfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nienke","family":"Scheurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Spaarne Gasthuis Hospital, Haarlem and Hoofddorp, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herman M.","family":"Schippers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, St. Antonius Hospital, Utrecht, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willy","family":"Peper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, St. Antonius Hospital, Utrecht, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Popma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."},{"name":"Child and Youth Psychiatry, Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam &amp; 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