{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T07:41:35Z","timestamp":1794037295202,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a worldwide health concern with devastating implications for physical, mental, and cognitive health. IPV-associated brain injuries (IPV-BIs) induced through impacts to the head (e.g., mild traumatic brain injury [mTBI]) and non-fatal strangulation (NFS; i.e., a hypoxic-ischemic injury) have long been overlooked among IPV victim-survivors. Identifying their presence and consequences is vital to inform interventions. Cross-sectional design with 3 groups including women with IPV-BI (1\u20136; &gt;6) sustained through NFS and\/or mTBI, women exposed to IPV without BI, and healthy age-matched controls. All participants completed medical history, biopsychosocial questionnaires, and cognitive tests of premorbid IQ, learning and memory, processing speed, and executive function. A total of 146 women aged 40.99 years (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SD<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 13.97) were included: 46 with IPV-BI (27 1\u20136; 19 &gt; 6), 42 with IPV alone, and 58 Healthy controls. IPV-BI was significantly associated with poorer performances on Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) Total Learning, Delayed Recall trials, and Trails Making Test B (TMT-B). Planned comparisons revealed that women with more than 6 IPV-BIs scored significantly lower on RAVLT Total Learning and Delayed Recall compared to other groups, with medium and large effect sizes. The association between IPV-BI and performances on the RAVLT remained significant after controlling for potential confounders, including age, premorbid functioning, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, substance use disorder, and other causes of BI. In contrast, the effect of IPV-BI on TMT-B performance was attenuated when anxiety was included in the model, rendering the IPV-BI group difference non-significant. There was evidence of impairments in memory and new learning among women with IPV-BI relative to the other groups beyond 6 months post-injury, with cumulative mTBI and NFS worsening outcomes. These findings highlight the need for IPV-BI screening, neuropsychological assessment, and targeted education and therapy for this underserved population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08977151251388070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T11:25:31Z","timestamp":1761737131000},"page":"269-279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Brain Injury Within Intimate Partner Violence: What Are the Cognitive Effects?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Jen","family":"Makovec Knight","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia."},{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia."},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Hannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gershon","family":"Spitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Astridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Copas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Duarte Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhiannon","family":"Rowse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Padgett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silke","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandy","family":"Shultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia."},{"name":"Centre for Trauma &amp; Mental Health, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia F.","family":"Symons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia."},{"name":"Centre for Trauma &amp; Mental Health, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennie","family":"Ponsford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia."},{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"WHO. 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