{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T10:58:00Z","timestamp":1781780280950,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In 2023, the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Brain Injury Interdisciplinary Special Interest Group (ACRM BI-ISIG) Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Task Force published updated diagnostic criteria for mild TBI. These criteria were developed in collaboration with a panel of 32 subject matter experts in mild TBI using the Delphi method. The 2023 ACRM diagnostic criteria marked the first update since 1993, incorporating three decades of research advancements in our understanding of mild TBI. To facilitate the consistent use of the new diagnostic criteria, the ACRM BI-ISIG Mild TBI Task Force initiated a special project in September 2023 to develop a structured interview to apply the ACRM diagnostic criteria for mild TBI in clinical and research settings. The purpose of this article is to describe the development of the ACRM Structured TBI Interview and the accompanying documents. The ACRM Structured TBI Interview was developed in four phases: (1) initial development of a draft interview by two project leads, (2) review and revision over three rounds by 17 members of the ACRM BI-ISIG Mild TBI Task Force, (3) external review by 19 subject matter experts in mild TBI, and (4) field testing of the ACRM Structured TBI Interview by 11 interviewers who completed 25 diagnostic interviews. In addition to the ACRM Structured TBI Interview, three other documents were developed to help facilitate the administration of the interview (Administration Guide) and to apply the diagnostic criteria (Diagnostic Coding Form and Diagnostic Flow Diagram). A Short Form was also developed for use in contexts where administering the full structured interview is not feasible due to time constraints.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08977151251396077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T10:25:57Z","timestamp":1764152757000},"page":"934-943","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a Structured Interview for the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Diagnostic Criteria for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Rael T.","family":"Lange","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence, Intrepid Spirit Center, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA."},{"name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada."},{"name":"General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly C.","family":"Gillow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence, Intrepid Spirit Center, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA."},{"name":"General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of ACRM Brain Injury Special Interest Group Mild TBI Task Force members:","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah D.","family":"Silverberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada."},{"name":"Centre for Aging SMART, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada."},{"name":"Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracey","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SHARE Military Initiative, Shepherd Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."},{"name":"Complex Concussion Clinic, Shepherd Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Panenka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada."},{"name":"UBC Institute of Mental Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada."},{"name":"BC Mental Health and Substance Use Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada."},{"name":"BC Provincial Neuropsychiatry Program, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada."},{"name":"Jefferson Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Rabinowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jefferson Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, USA."},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaclyn A.","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA."},{"name":"Molecular Cellular Integrative Neuroscience Program at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Dams-O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA."},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Delmonico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Permanente Medical Group, Oakland, California, USA."},{"name":"Kaiser Foundation Rehabilitation Center, Oakland, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Jeong P.","family":"Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA."},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice Sau Han","family":"Kam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"St. Micheal\u2019s Hospital-Unity Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"KITE-UHN Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quratulain","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony H.","family":"Lequerica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Traumatic Brain Injury Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA."},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zainab","family":"Al Lawati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School at University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"McKinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense Health Association, Falls Church, Virginia, USA."},{"name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob I.","family":"McPherson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drew","family":"Nagele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Snell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josh","family":"Kamins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goldberg Migraine Program, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA."},{"name":"Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Wethe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Science, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-199309000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2023.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2022.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Delphi technique: Making sense of consensus","volume":"12","author":"Hsu CC","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hsu CC, , Sandford B. The Delphi technique: Making sense of consensus. Pract Assess Res Evaluation, 2007; 12:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Pract Assess Res Evaluation"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16501970510027321"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16501960410023877"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097699"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","volume-title":"Guideline for Concussion\/Mild Traumatic Brain Injury & Prolonged Symptoms","author":"Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation. Guideline for Concussion\/Mild Traumatic Brain Injury & Prolonged Symptoms. Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation; 2018."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","first-page":"CP1","article-title":"VA\/DoD clinical practice guidelines for the management of concussion\u2014Mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"46","author":"Department of Veterans Affairs\/Department of Defense","year":"2021","unstructured":"Department of Veterans Affairs\/Department of Defense. VA\/DoD clinical practice guidelines for the management of concussion\u2014Mild traumatic brain injury. J Rehabil Res Dev, 2021; 46(6):CP1\u2013C68.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acp006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2743"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-76978-3_24"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","unstructured":"Department of Veterans Affairs Department of Defense. VA\/DoD clinical practice guideline for management of concussion\/mild traumatic brain injury. 2009. Available from: http:\/\/www.healthquality.va.gov\/mtbi\/concussion_mtbi_full_1_0.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/jcen.20.6.852.1108"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2014.1002421"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000996"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3182865859"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3433"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6972"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HTR.0000300227.67748.77"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000099"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2024.0402"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-017-0097-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09926-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097090"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-197911000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050310001646152"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00154-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2025.0079"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2024.0577"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2024.0590"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2024.0581"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","unstructured":"Lange RT Gillow KC et al. Inter-rater reliability of the ACRM structured TBI interview. In Progress."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08977151251396077","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08977151251396077","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08977151251396077","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T10:47:27Z","timestamp":1781779647000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08977151251396077"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11-12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08977151251396077"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08977151251396077","relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-7151","1557-9042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-7151","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]}}}