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The mechanisms by which NB bowel develops are unclear, thereby limiting interventions to being primarily symptom-focused and ineffective. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to identify the mechanisms that initiate and maintain NB after SCI as a critical step to develop evidence-based, novel therapeutic options to prevent NB. In previous studies, the neurogenic inflammatory mediator\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">calcitonin gene-related peptide<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CGRP<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) was identified as a high-priority candidate gene. Therefore, in a midthoracic rodent spinal contusion model that presents with clinically translatable NB-like phenotypes, we conducted intrarectal antagonism of CGRP activity using CGRP\n                    <jats:sub>8\u201337<\/jats:sub>\n                    (compared to vehicle administration) in mice with SCI. This was followed by histological, molecular, and functional (Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    imaging) approaches to assess the prevention of previously reported phenotypes of NB. CGRP\n                    <jats:sub>8\u201337<\/jats:sub>\n                    significantly prevented colonic dysmotility and structural defects of the colon (i.e., expanded lymphoid nodules). There was also a prevention of microbial invasion into the colon wall and neuronal hyperresponsiveness to autologous fecal supernatants. These data support the role of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CGRP<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/CGRP as a candidate mechanism for NB after SCI and highlight the potential for novel therapeutic treatments for the prevention of NB.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08977151251406659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T16:16:16Z","timestamp":1767111376000},"page":"2023-2035","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intrarectal Antagonism of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Prevents Spinal Cord Injury-Associated Neurogenic Bowel Phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Adam B.","family":"Willits","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Kader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonali","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan","family":"Ewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Meriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Christianson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Baumbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101066"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)91487-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.18"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02055170"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2016.124"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3102097"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2011.92"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"466","article-title":"Gastric emptying is impaired in patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"90","author":"Segal JL","year":"1995","unstructured":"Segal JL, , Milne N, , Brunnemann SR. 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