{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T10:58:00Z","timestamp":1781780280828,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 NS125408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS125408"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U01 NS114140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 NS114140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001029","name":"Department of Defence, Australian Government","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HT94252311039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HT94252311039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001029","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001029","name":"Department of Defence, Australian Government","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["W81XWH-19-1-0861"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-19-1-0861"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001029","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RS-2023-00251484"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00251484"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) mapping is a promising biomarker for evaluating vascular dysfunction following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Traditional CVR assessment requires carbon dioxide (CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) administration. Assessing CVR from resting-state blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) sequences (RS-CVR) offers a task-free alternative, but its validity in TBI has not yet been established. We aimed to evaluate whether RS-CVR can reliably detect cerebrovascular impairment in patients with TBI by comparing it with CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -inhalation CVR (CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -CVR). We enrolled 23 chronic moderate-to-severe TBI patients and 13 healthy controls (HC) who underwent both CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -CVR and RS-CVR imaging using BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI). RS-CVR maps were computed using a voxel-wise general linear model (GLM) across 120 bandpass filters. Spatial correlations between RS-CVR and CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -CVR were calculated to identify the optimal frequency bands. Z-score analyses and lesion-based comparisons were performed to assess CVR reductions in TBI. In the TBI cohort, lesion-based CVR was correlated with clinical outcomes using GLM adjusted for age and sex. The highest whole-brain spatial correlation between RS-CVR and CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -CVR in HC occurred at [0\u2013116.4 mHz] (r = 0.5239 \u00b1 0.1107). In TBI, the peak correlation slightly shifted to [0\u201374.5 mHz] (r = 0.5217 \u00b1 0.1108) but remained comparable at [0\u2013116.4 mHz] (r = 0.5093 \u00b1 0.1263). As expected, regions of encephalomalacia, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity, showed CVR reductions on RS-CVR and CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -CVR maps, but low CVR was also identified through both methods in normal-appearing brain tissue. Across lesion areas, RS-CVR detected deficits consistent with CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -CVR, with mean z-scores of \u20130.217 \u00b1 0.334 and \u20130.391 \u00b1 0.294 for encephalomalacia and hyperintensities, respectively. Lesion-based CVR values were associated with clinical outcomes, with both CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -CVR and RS-CVR positively correlated with days in the intensive care unit (ICU;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05) and showing negative associations with Rivermead post-concussion symptoms questionnaire scores, statistically significant for CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -CVR (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.031) and trending for RS-CVR (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.089). RS-CVR closely mirrors CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -CVR in both global and lesion-specific analyses, validating its use as a noninvasive method for detecting vascular deficits in TBI. This task-free and scalable tool for cerebrovascular assessment offers a valuable approach for characterizing vascular health relevant to TBI prognosis and guiding neurorehabilitation efforts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08977151251407598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T17:10:31Z","timestamp":1767114631000},"page":"895-906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of Resting-State and CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    -Induced Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Dohyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junghoon J.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, CUNY School of Medicine, The City College of New York, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yechan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franck","family":"Amyot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimbra","family":"Kenney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramon R.","family":"Diaz-Arrastia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joon Yul","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30279-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2015.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.5684"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","article-title":"Hemodynamic evaluation of patients with Moyamoya Angiopathy: Comparison of resting-state fMRI to breath-hold fMRI and [15 O] water PET","volume":"1","author":"Zerweck L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zerweck L, , Roder C, , Hauser T-K, et al. 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