{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:04:16Z","timestamp":1784160256032,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"15-16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["90DPTB0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90DPTB0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["90DPTB0011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90DPTB0011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["90DPTB0016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90DPTB0016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    There is limited information about long-term outcomes following severe acquired brain injury (ABI). This is due, in part, to the lack of validated longitudinal assessment measures that can be administered remotely. To address this gap, we developed a caregiver-administered telephone interview designed for the remote evaluation of the functional status of patients who are too impaired to provide reliable self-report. The interview comprises items drawn from three existing standardized instruments: the Coma Recovery Scale\u2013Revised (CRS-R), Cognitive Impairment subscale of the Confusion Assessment Protocol (CAP-Cog), and Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test (GOAT) (subsequently referred to as the CRS-RT, CAP-CogT, and GOAT-T to reflect telephone administration). The CRS-RT items evaluate the level of consciousness, while the CAP-CogT and GOAT-T items assess basic aspects of cognition. We administered the caregiver interview to 48 caregivers of persons with severe acquired disability (i.e., vegetative state to confusional state) and validated caregiver responses by conducting in-person patient examinations using the original versions of the assessment instruments. To establish the concurrent validity of the caregiver interview, we assessed the correlation between the findings from the caregiver interview and the patient examination, using Lin\u2019s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). The mean (standard error) sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy across both sets of interview items were 0.82 (0.03), 0.68 (0.04), and 0.75 (0.03), respectively. Lin\u2019s CCC between caregiver responses to the nine interview items addressing the level of consciousness and the corresponding patient examination findings was 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65, 0.90), with six items exceeding our\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">a priori<\/jats:italic>\n                    cut-off of \u22650.70. However, the correlation between caregiver responses to the eight basic cognition items and the patient examination findings was poor (Lin\u2019s CCC = 0.37, 95% CI: \u22120.09, 0.82), with only three items at or above the cut-off. These results indicate that the CRS-RT can be administered remotely to caregivers of persons with severe ABI-related disability to monitor neurobehavioral status longitudinally. The CAP-CogT and GOAT-T items require further study before they can be used for clinical outcome assessment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08977151251408079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T17:10:01Z","timestamp":1767114601000},"page":"1313-1323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multicenter Validation of a Telephone-Based Caregiver Interview for Longitudinal Assessment of Outcome after Severe Brain Injury: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Ally","family":"Sterling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yelena G.","family":"Bodien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship Center; Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery; Department of Neurological Surgery; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsey","family":"Goostrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flora M.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lewis E.","family":"Kazis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risa","family":"Nakase-Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Chief of Staff and Defense Health Agency TBI Center of Excellence, James A. Haley Veterans\u2019 Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA."},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brain and Spine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengsheng","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics &amp; Epidemiology Data Analytic Center, Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Therese M.","family":"O\u2019Neil-Pirozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"O\u2019Rourke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center, South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Sherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail B.","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross D.","family":"Zafonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Anesthesiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph T.","family":"Giacino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30371-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"Peterson AB Zhou H Thomas KE et al. 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