{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:07:58Z","timestamp":1786118878082,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chief Scientist\u2019s Office, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development, Israel","award":["20-05-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-05-0001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant global health issue, causing cognitive, motor, and psychological impairments while increasing neurodegenerative disease risk. Essential oil extracted from\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pelargonium graveolens<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), also known as geranium oil, is Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved and classified as generally recognized as safe for use in the food industry.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    oil contains low molecular weight lipophilic compounds, which potentially traverse the blood\u2013brain barrier and modulate brain functions. We have previously demonstrated that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    oil exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Given the significant role of these processes in TBI pathophysiology and the absence of FDA-approved treatments, our goal in this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    oil in the closed-head injury (CHI) model for TBI. For this purpose, male C57BL\/6JOlaHsd mice (8\u20139 weeks old, 20\u201325 g) underwent CHI using a modified weight-drop device and were treated orally with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    oil for 2 weeks; 56 mice served as controls. Treatment group assignment was randomized based on neurological severity score (NSS) evaluation at 1-hour postinjury. Mice were monitored for 1 month following injury using a comprehensive behavioral battery administered in a blinded manner, then sacrificed for histopathological assessment.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    was obtained from the Newe Ya\u2019ar Research Center MAP Germplasm collection and prepared via steam distillation. The essential oil composition was characterized using gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS). The therapeutic efficacy of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    oil was demonstrated through multiple behavioral assessments, including the Barnes Maze, Y-maze, and novel object recognition test.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    oil significantly enhanced cognitive performance in the injured mice, with effects persisting for at least 1-month post-injury. Histopathological evaluation revealed that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    oil reduced axonal damage and increased neuronal survival in cortical and hippocampal regions. Additionally,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    oil treatment significantly improved brain tissue preservation, as evidenced by reduced cortical and corpus callosum atrophy and decreased ventricle enlargement. The therapeutic benefits stemmed from anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, evidenced by reduced tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, interleukin-1\u03b2, and lipid peroxidation levels, along with M2 phenotype immunomodulation, and elevated phosphorylated cyclic-AMP response element binding protein levels. The exclusive use of male mice in this study necessitates future investigation of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    effects in female subjects. Our findings support the potential applications of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                    oil as a novel nutraceutical and a therapeutic candidate for TBI treatment and improvement of cognitive outcomes, warranting further translational research in TBI patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08977151261467215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:25:55Z","timestamp":1785817555000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Pelargonium Graveolens<\/i>\n                    Essential Oil Improves Recovery after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Liora","family":"Omesi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shlomit","family":"Lempert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel."},{"name":"The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Shemesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinneret","family":"Rosenblatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itzik","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel."},{"name":"School of Psychology, The Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel."},{"name":"Faculty of Medical &amp; Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orly","family":"Ravid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Shohami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, the Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alona","family":"Shachter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya\u2019ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization \u2013 Volcani Institute, Ramat Yishay, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nativ","family":"Dudai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya\u2019ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization \u2013 Volcani Institute, Ramat Yishay, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anat","family":"Elmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9519-2989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sigal","family":"Liraz Zaltsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel."},{"name":"Department of Sports Therapy, Institute for Health and Medical Professions, Ono Academic College, Kiryat Ono, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2024.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203216538"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09629350410001664798"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2009.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-2-1"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","first-page":"2612","article-title":"Pelargonium graveolens: Towards in-depth metabolite profiling, antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitory potential","volume":"13","author":"Gevrenova R","year":"2024","unstructured":"6.Gevrenova R, , Zengin G, , Balabanova V, et al. 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