{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:18:19Z","timestamp":1791263899697,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639094400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ageless Innovation LLC"},{"name":"Duncaster Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Holist Nurs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: Differences in depression and loneliness, during the COVID-19 pandemic, for older adults with mild to moderate dementia living in residential care after interacting with a robotic companion dog or cat were explored. Experiences of family members and professional caregivers were also examined. Design: This study used a mixed research design with pre- and post-questionnaires on depression and loneliness. Method: Quantitative data exploring the impact of companion pets on depression and loneliness were collected from participants pre-intervention and at 3- and 6-week intervals. Qualitative data were collected during the 6-week study period, permitting researchers to explore the impact of robotic companion pets on participants, family members, and professional caregivers. Findings: Results indicated depression (\u03c72F(2)\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u200921.29, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and loneliness (\u03c72F(2)\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u200921.11, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) improved. Moreover, participants were engaged with their companion pet, providing meaningful, activity and positive experiences. Conclusions: Robotic companion pet therapy, a holistic, nonpharmacologic animal-assisted therapy (AAT), changed the AAT landscape at the study site and provided an alternative option to live pet therapy during COVID-19. Participant interactions with their robotic companion pets enhanced their well-being and quality of life, especially during stringent COVID-19 restrictions and social isolation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08980101211064605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T07:51:20Z","timestamp":1639122680000},"page":"397-409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["The Impact of Robotic Companion Pets on Depression and Loneliness for Older Adults with Dementia During the COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4779-849X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donna M.","family":"Fogelson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Old Dominion University, Virginia Beach Higher Education Center, University Drive"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Rutledge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Old Dominion University, Virginia Beach Higher Education Center, University Drive"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8841-2664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathie S.","family":"Zimbro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Old Dominion University, Virginia Beach Higher Education Center, University Drive"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08980101211064605","unstructured":"Ageless Innovation (2021).\n                      Joy for All\u2122 companion pets guide for family caregivers.\n                      https:\/\/agelessinnovation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/CareGuide_ENGLISH_Master-1.pdf."},{"key":"bibr2-08980101211064605","unstructured":"Alzheimer's Association (2021).\n                      Facts and figures.\n                      https:\/\/www.alz.org\/media\/documents\/alzheimers-facts-and-figures-infographic.pdf."},{"key":"bibr3-08980101211064605","unstructured":"American Association of Colleges of Nursing (2006).\n                      The essentials of doctoral education for advanced nursing practice\n                      . Retrieved from https:\/\/www.aacnnursing.org\/DNP\/DNP-Essentials."},{"key":"bibr4-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S114100"},{"key":"bibr5-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/57.7.M428"},{"key":"bibr6-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2007.11.007"},{"key":"bibr7-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1054773819867250"},{"key":"bibr8-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00989134-20151015-03"},{"key":"bibr9-08980101211064605","unstructured":"Cavazzoni P. (2021). FDA's decision to approve a new treatment for Alzheimer's disease.\n                      U.S Food & Drug Administration\n                      . https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/news-events-human-drugs\/fdas-decision-approve-new-treatment-alzheimers-disease."},{"key":"bibr10-08980101211064605","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). Background H. animals in health-care-facilities.\n                      Environmental infection control guidelines\n                      . https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/infectioncontrol\/guidelines\/environmental\/background\/animals.html."},{"key":"bibr11-08980101211064605","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020). COVID-19 and animals.\n                      Coronavirus Disease 2019\n                      (COVID-19). https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/daily-life-coping\/animals.html."},{"key":"bibr12-08980101211064605","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020).\n                      Healthy People 2030, dementias including Alzheimer's\n                      . https:\/\/cdc.gov\/aging\/publications\/healthy-people-2030\/index.html."},{"key":"bibr13-08980101211064605","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2021).\n                      Percent of long-term care services users diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease or other dementias.\n                      https:\/\/cdc.gov\/nchs\/fastats\/alzheimers.htm."},{"key":"bibr14-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.01.010"},{"key":"bibr15-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00989134-20150806-44"},{"key":"bibr16-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.12.016"},{"issue":"232","key":"bibr17-08980101211064605","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"Hung L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"},{"key":"bibr18-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089801019701500404"},{"key":"bibr19-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2020.11.003"},{"key":"bibr20-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/ijamh-2017-0160"},{"issue":"276","key":"bibr21-08980101211064605","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"Klimova B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr22-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/25340"},{"key":"bibr23-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2021.04.007"},{"key":"bibr24-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igab013"},{"key":"bibr25-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2013.03.004"},{"key":"bibr26-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.01.139"},{"key":"bibr27-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2011.05912.x"},{"key":"bibr28-08980101211064605","unstructured":"National Institute on Aging (2021).\n                      Behavioral and social research areas in Alzheimer's disease\n                      . https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/research\/dbsr\/behavioral-and-social-research-areas-alzheimers-disease#funding."},{"key":"bibr29-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610219001388"},{"issue":"585373","key":"bibr30-08980101211064605","first-page":"1","volume":"11","author":"O\u2019Caoimh R.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr31-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160703"},{"key":"bibr32-08980101211064605","author":"Petiprin A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theories & models"},{"key":"bibr33-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988719868306"},{"key":"bibr34-08980101211064605","volume-title":"Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence fornursing practice","author":"Polit D. F.","year":"2017","edition":"10"},{"key":"bibr35-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.139.9.1136"},{"key":"bibr36-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6601_2"},{"key":"bibr37-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnx167"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr38-08980101211064605","first-page":"165","volume":"5","author":"Sheikh J. I.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clinical Gerontologist: The Journal of Aging and Mental Health"},{"key":"bibr39-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.05.006"},{"key":"bibr40-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5450"},{"key":"bibr41-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08927936.2015.1089011"},{"key":"bibr42-08980101211064605","author":"Walker J.","journal-title":"The Wall Street Journal"},{"key":"bibr43-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30755-8"},{"key":"bibr44-08980101211064605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(82)90033-4"}],"container-title":["Journal of Holistic Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08980101211064605","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08980101211064605","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08980101211064605","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:37:35Z","timestamp":1777502255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08980101211064605"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08980101211064605"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08980101211064605","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-0101","1552-5724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-0101","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-5724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]}}}