{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:20:58Z","timestamp":1790274058760,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724976000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Holist Nurs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Purpose:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study aims to delve into the process of men confronting infertility.\n                    <jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This research employed the Straussian grounded theory approach.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The study encompassed interviews with 16 participants from a private fertility center in Isfahan, Iran, between March 2023 and March 2024. The interviews were semistructured. Data analysis was carried out concurrently using constant comparative methods and standard grounded theory techniques. the participants\u2019 main concerns were identified, culminating in developing a substantive theory centered around a core category.\n                    <jats:bold>Findings:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The primary category for men struggling with infertility was \u201cforced concealment.\u201d This was exhibited through the suppression of emotions, maintaining secrecy about infertility, hiding treatment, and attributing infertility to their wives to counteract threats to their masculinity. Factors such as partners, family, societal surroundings, care providers, and beliefs influenced the adopting of the \u201cforced concealment\u201d strategy.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The \u201cforced concealment\u201d theory offers insights into the experiences of men struggling with infertility. The study highlights the necessity of formulating culturally sensitive strategies that enable healthcare providers, nurses, and health system managers to effectively fulfill their roles and address the challenges and needs of couples confronting male infertility. This can be realized through a comprehensive approach that integrates nursing skills and competencies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08980101241275201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T04:42:46Z","timestamp":1724992966000},"page":"322-335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Grounded Theory Approach to Understanding Men Confronting Infertility"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3619-038X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehrdad","family":"Abdullahzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zohreh","family":"Vanaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eesa","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamileh","family":"Mohtashami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","first-page":"160","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the prevalence and etiology of infertility in Iran","volume":"17","author":"Abangah G. 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