{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T03:51:03Z","timestamp":1784260263119,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,1]],"date-time":"2002-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1012521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Aging Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To investigate race and gender differences in health care service utilization and costs among the Medicare elderly with psychiatric diagnoses. Methods: The authors employ a 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries from Tennessee ( N = 33,680), and among those with a psychiatric diagnosis ( n = 5,339), they examine health care service utilization and costs by race and gender. Results: African Americans had significantly higher rates of diagnosis for dementia, organic psychosis, and schizophrenia, whereas Whites had significantly higher rates for mood and anxiety disorders. White and African American men have higher rates of utilization of emergency and inpatient services and lower rates of outpatient utilization compared to White women and African American women. African American men have significantly higher health care costs. Discussion: The findings suggest that race and gender interact to influence service utilization and preventive care, thereby driving up costs of care, for elderly persons with psychiatric diagnoses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/089826430201400105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,10]],"date-time":"2007-03-10T23:22:41Z","timestamp":1173568961000},"page":"79-95","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Race, Gender, and Health Care Service Utilization and Costs among Medicare Elderly with Psychiatric Diagnoses"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Baqar A.","family":"Husaini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tennessee State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren E.","family":"Sherkat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Illinois University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meharry Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Bragg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Care Financing Administration"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Holzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathyrn","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Van","family":"Cain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tennessee State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Moten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199307000-00003"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199505000-00003"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089826439000200101"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.9.1521"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/38.1.25"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/37.6.717"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798006631"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/TLXJ-YXLX-F4YA-6PHA"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199910000-00007"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199603000-00003"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(97)00111-1"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199205000-00003"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510150053029"},{"key":"atypb14","first-page":"207","volume":"2","author":"Geronimus, A. T.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ethnicity and Disease"},{"issue":"2","key":"atypb15","first-page":"78","volume":"909","author":"Hargrave, R.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of the National Medical Association"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027587009001001"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0632-8_7"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800200028005"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830080048009"},{"key":"atypb20","volume-title":"annual conference on mental health and primary care, Health Care Financing Association","author":"Husaini, B. A."},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199505000-00002"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30666-4"},{"key":"atypb23","first-page":"682","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of aging","author":"Lebowitz, B. D.","year":"1986"},{"issue":"7","key":"atypb24","first-page":"721","volume":"39","author":"Lebowitz, B. D.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hospital & Community Psychiatry"},{"key":"atypb25","first-page":"81","volume":"1","author":"Matthias, R. E.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Aging and Ethnicity"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02042723"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452243146.n14"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.119.2.322"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270050197"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6629(198710)15:4<520::AID-JCOP2290150410>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00754731"},{"key":"atypb32","first-page":"53","volume":"7","author":"Neighbors, H. W.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Research Community Mental Health"},{"key":"atypb33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.2.222"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199307083290207"},{"key":"atypb35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0048590"},{"key":"atypb36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610298005237"},{"key":"atypb37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826089309039663"},{"key":"atypb38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195074215.003.0011","volume-title":"Integrated mental health services: Modern community psychiatry","author":"Primm, A. B.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089826439700900105"},{"key":"atypb40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1965.01730020050006"},{"key":"atypb41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6629(199705)25:3<235::AID-JCOP2>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"atypb42","volume-title":"Monitoring the impact of Medicare physician payment reform on the utilization and access","author":"Summary Report to Congress","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb06882.x"},{"key":"atypb44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136750"},{"key":"atypb45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136874"},{"key":"atypb46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136773"},{"key":"atypb47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003727-199607000-00008"},{"key":"atypb48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7080.591"}],"container-title":["Journal of Aging and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/089826430201400105","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/089826430201400105","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:35:16Z","timestamp":1777491316000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/089826430201400105"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/089826430201400105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/089826430201400105","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-2643","1552-6887"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-2643","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6887","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]}}}