{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T08:18:11Z","timestamp":1784708291734,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]],"date-time":"2018-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Aging Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To jointly examine isolation, loneliness, and cynical hostility as risk factors for cognitive decline in older adults. Method: Data came from the 2006 to 2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a longitudinal study of U.S. older adults (age \u2a7e 65 years, n = 6,654). Measures included frequency of contact with social network (objective isolation), the Hughes Loneliness Scale (loneliness), a modified version of the Cook\u2013Medley Hostility Inventory (cynical hostility), and a modified version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (cognitive function). Multilevel modeling (random slope + intercept) was used to examine the association between these factors and trajectories of cognitive function. Results and Discussion: After controlling for demographic characteristics, self-reported health, and functional limitations, loneliness (\u03b2 = \u2212.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [\u22120.56, \u22120.11), and cynical hostility (\u03b2 = \u2212.14, 95% CI = [\u22120.24, \u22120.04) correlated with lower cognitive function, but none predicted change in cognitive function. Objective social isolation was associated with lower cognitive function (\u03b2 = \u2212.27, 95% CI = [\u22120.41, \u22120.12]) and steeper decline in cognitive function (\u03b2 = \u2212.09, 95% CI = [\u22120.16, \u22120.01]).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264318800587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]],"date-time":"2018-10-05T08:32:24Z","timestamp":1538728344000},"page":"52-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Isolation, Not Loneliness or Cynical Hostility, Predicts Cognitive Decline in Older Americans"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6537-3612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah C.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Briana","family":"Mezuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison Baylor","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul B.","family":"Perrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce D.","family":"Rybarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0898264318800587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2010.01.009"},{"key":"bibr2-0898264318800587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181a651b3"},{"key":"bibr3-0898264318800587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-131-3-199908030-00002"},{"key":"bibr4-0898264318800587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200205000-00005"},{"key":"bibr5-0898264318800587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324796abm2901_6"},{"key":"bibr6-0898264318800587","volume-title":"RAND HRS data documentation, Version N","author":"Chien S.","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr7-0898264318800587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2010.487103"},{"key":"bibr8-0898264318800587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650905000103"},{"key":"bibr9-0898264318800587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4495"},{"key":"bibr10-0898264318800587","first-page":"993","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine","author":"Everson-Rose S. 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