{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:23:29Z","timestamp":1791491009119,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Vet Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>For some surgical procedures in veterinary dentistry including exodontia, orthognathic surgery, orthopedic surgery, oncologic surgery, and for the placement of dental implants, it is important to know the accurate location of the neurovascular structures within the mandibular canal. The aim of this research was to determine the course of the mandibular canal in the mandible and its relationship with other anatomical structures in brachycephalic dogs using computerized tomography. Mandibles from 10 brachycephalic cadaver dogs were evaluated. Measurements were taken in relation to the lingual, vestibular, alveolar crest, and ventral surfaces. These measurements indicated that the mandibular canal descends slightly from the mandibular foramen to the molar area, decreasing the distance of the mandibular canal from the mandibular ventral border. The mandibular canal is slightly closer to the lingual surface than the vestibular surface except in the molar tooth region. The mandibular canal continues in a rostral direction occupying the ventral region of the mandibular body, reaching its maximum distance from the alveolar crest at the level of the first molar and fourth premolar teeth. In the third and fourth premolar tooth region, the mandibular canal maintains a similar distance between the vestibular and lingual borders; then, at the level of the second premolar tooth, the distance of the mandibular canal from the lingual and ventral border increases before its termination at the mental foramen. The study reported here documents the feasibility of using CT to determine the location of the mandibular canal in relation to bony and dental parameters. Although the difference in mandible size of the group of brachycephalic dogs reported here resulted in broad ranges of measurements, it is clear that the MC course may vary between individual dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/089875640902600302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]],"date-time":"2016-04-28T05:34:12Z","timestamp":1461821652000},"page":"156-163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Localization of the Mandibular Canal in Brachycephalic Dogs Using Computed Tomography"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Lenin Arturo Villamizar","family":"Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnology; and, the Statistic Doctoral Program (Lobos), S\u00e3o Paulo University (USP), Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco Antonio","family":"Gioso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnology; and, the Statistic Doctoral Program (Lobos), S\u00e3o Paulo University (USP), Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian Marcelo Villegas","family":"Lobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnology; and, the Statistic Doctoral Program (Lobos), S\u00e3o Paulo University (USP), Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina Brand\u00e3o de C. Fonseca","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnology; and, the Statistic Doctoral Program (Lobos), S\u00e3o Paulo University (USP), Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-089875640902600302","first-page":"154","volume-title":"Miller's, anatomy of the dog","volume":"4","author":"Evans HE","year":"1993","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr2-089875640902600302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089875640702400212"},{"key":"bibr3-089875640902600302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898756420052201001"},{"key":"bibr4-089875640902600302","first-page":"475","volume-title":"El libro de neurologia para la pr\u00e1ctica clinica","author":"Farfallini D","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr5-089875640902600302","first-page":"133","volume-title":"Odontologia veterin\u00e1ria para o cl\u00ednico de pequenos animais","author":"Gioso MA","year":"2007","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr6-089875640902600302","first-page":"449","volume-title":"MRI and CT atlas of the dog","author":"Assheuer J","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr7-089875640902600302","first-page":"344","volume-title":"Atlas of correlative imaging anatomy of the normal dog","author":"Feeney DA","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr8-089875640902600302","first-page":"50","volume-title":"Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology","author":"Tidwell AS","year":"2007","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr9-089875640902600302","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Endosteal dental implants","volume":"7","author":"Babbush CA","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr10-089875640902600302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.2001.012003230.x"},{"key":"bibr11-089875640902600302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-84782006000600046"},{"key":"bibr12-089875640902600302","first-page":"288","volume-title":"Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology","volume":"16","author":"Henrry GA","year":"2007","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr13-089875640902600302","first-page":"383","volume":"4","author":"Gowgiel JM","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Oral Implantology"},{"key":"bibr14-089875640902600302","first-page":"641","volume":"27","author":"Rapley JW","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/089875640902600302","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/089875640902600302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:22:05Z","timestamp":1777508525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/089875640902600302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/089875640902600302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/089875640902600302","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-7564","2470-4083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-7564","type":"print"},{"value":"2470-4083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}}}