{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:39:59Z","timestamp":1777858799064,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Awareness among veterinarians has increased regarding the need for comprehensive pain relief, but many companion animal veterinarians do not administer regional analgesia pre-emptively during dental procedures. The middle mental nerve (MMN) block desensitizes the ipsilateral mandibular incisor and canine teeth as well as soft tissues rostral to the delivery site. There is little published information on the efficacy of the MMN block in dogs. The objective of this study was to determine injectate distribution within the mandibular canal using a radiopaque contrast media\/methylene blue solution. Half a milliliter of solution was injected within the opening of the middle mental foramen using a standard hypodermic syringe and a 25G x 25\u2005mm needle. The course of the injectate was traced both via computed tomography (CT) and, in some cadavers, gross dissection. Post-treatment CT revealed that in 90% of the cases, the contrast diffused at least as far caudally as the mesial root of the third premolar tooth. The injectate was not identified within the canal of 5% of cadaveric mandibles examined. Although the solution used diffused caudally within the mandibular canal when injected using recommended clinical techniques, this may not completely represent the extent of clinical effects experienced in live patients. This technique also confirmed that the needle does not need to be advanced into the mandibular canal to achieve adequate diffusion to at least the mesial root of the third premolar tooth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08987564241293188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T05:35:24Z","timestamp":1730266524000},"page":"41-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of Injectate Distribution of the Middle Mental Nerve Block Within the Mandibular Canal in a Cadaveric Canine Model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6762-7954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angus","family":"Fechney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6986-0952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David E.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Care for Pets, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.05.0242"},{"key":"bibr2-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12258"},{"key":"bibr3-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2007.09.001"},{"key":"bibr4-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2008.02.002"},{"key":"bibr5-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2019.07.011"},{"key":"bibr6-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2018.1521314"},{"key":"bibr7-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2012.01053.x"},{"key":"bibr8-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme.1215-204R"},{"key":"bibr9-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2002.tb12043.x"},{"key":"bibr10-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-1693-6"},{"key":"bibr11-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1096-2867(99)80024-3"},{"key":"bibr12-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612054546833"},{"key":"bibr13-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.2.199"},{"key":"bibr14-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2002.3.3.193"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr15-08987564241293188","first-page":"439","volume":"24","author":"Beckman B","year":"2002","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet"},{"key":"bibr16-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119421375.ch45"},{"key":"bibr17-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2005.02.004"},{"key":"bibr18-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118783382.ch10"},{"key":"bibr19-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-7675-6.00013-9"},{"key":"bibr20-08987564241293188","first-page":"708","volume-title":"Miller\u2019s anatomy of the dog","author":"Evans H","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr21-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089875640302000306"},{"key":"bibr22-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089875641102800301"},{"key":"bibr23-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2020.01.003"},{"key":"bibr24-08987564241293188","unstructured":"NZ Data Sheet, GE Healthcare, Greenlane, Auckland, New Zealand."},{"key":"bibr25-08987564241293188","unstructured":"Water Viscosity Data Sheet. Anton-Paar North Ryde, NSW, Australia."},{"key":"bibr26-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2009.00509.x"},{"key":"bibr27-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.06-05-01433.1986"},{"key":"bibr28-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(88)90286-2"},{"key":"bibr29-08987564241293188","unstructured":"Dugdale AHA, Beaumont G, Bradbrook C, Gurney M. Veterinary anaesthesia\u2014principles to practice. 2nd ed. John Wiley & sons; 2020:119\u2010136."},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr30-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.09.030","volume":"152","author":"Woolf CJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"bibr31-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/306686a0"},{"key":"bibr32-08987564241293188","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"Davis J","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers (Boulder)."},{"key":"bibr33-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.69.5.611"},{"key":"bibr34-08987564241293188","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th European Congress of Veterinary Dentistry","author":"Anthony JA.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr35-08987564241293188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22233\/9781905319602.6"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08987564241293188","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08987564241293188","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08987564241293188","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:20:15Z","timestamp":1777508415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08987564241293188"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08987564241293188"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08987564241293188","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-7564","2470-4083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-7564","type":"print"},{"value":"2470-4083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]}}}