{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:40:09Z","timestamp":1777858809544,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine Dean's Office"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Sedation is important for safe equine dental procedures, but it is unknown if there is a higher risk of sedation causing hypothermia in procedures performed during cold months. The authors hypothesize that sedation for a dental procedure will significantly decrease rectal body temperature in cold as compared to warm ambient temperatures. Adult equids (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009246), from a private equine dentistry practice, that underwent dental equilibration, were selected for the study. Each horse's weight was estimated and sedation was administered intravenously (0.01\u2005mg\/kg detomidine and 0.01\u2005mg\/kg butorphanol) and intramuscularly (0.5\u2005mg\/kg xylazine and 0.03\u2005mg\/kg acepromazine). Ambient and serial rectal temperatures (presedation [PRE], 15\u2005min after initial intravenous sedation [POST15], and at the end of the procedure [END]) were recorded. Statistics included Shapiro\u2013Wilks test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and a Friedman test with Dunn's posthoc test (significant at\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Ambient temperatures ranged from \u22127.8\u2005\u00b0C to 30\u2005\u00b0C. The median (95% confidence interval) rectal temperature was PRE: 37.4 (37.2\u2005\u00b0C-37.7\u2005\u00b0C), POST15: 37.5 (37.2\u2005\u00b0C-37.8\u2005\u00b0C), and END: 37.4 (37.1\u2005\u00b0C-37.7\u2005\u00b0C). POST15 temperatures were significantly increased from PRE (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.001) to END (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.005) temperatures. PRE to END temperatures were not significantly different (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u2009.9). There was a weak positive correlation between ambient and POST15 temperatures (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">rho<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.26,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and END temperatures (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">rho<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.25,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Seven animals became hypothermic (&lt;36\u2005\u00b0C), only 2 at ambient temperatures below 4.44\u2005\u00b0C. Rectal body temperature in equids after sedation at ambient temperatures between \u22127\u2005\u00b0C and 30\u2005\u00b0C remains at a safe level in most instances, suggesting dental procedures can be performed under sedation during cold weather.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08987564251371523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T14:14:34Z","timestamp":1756908874000},"page":"128-134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Sedation on Rectal Temperature During Equine Dental Procedures Performed in Cold to Warm Ambient Temperatures"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8734-5180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda J","family":"Norman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3181-9345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colleen M","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Dental Referral Services"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1027-4836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane M","family":"Manfredi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30065-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctep.2005.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2020.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","author":"Easley J","unstructured":"Easley J, Dixon PM, Du Toit N. Equine Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery. Cambridge Scholars Publishing; 2022.","journal-title":"Equine Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","volume-title":"Practical standing chemical restraint of the horse.","author":"Hubbell JAE","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hubbell JAE. Practical standing chemical restraint of the horse. Cambridge Scholars Publishing; 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12981"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2005.tb00336.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30546-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9100556"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"648","article-title":"Comparison of peripheral and core temperatures in anesthetized horses","volume":"60","author":"Tomasic M","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tomasic M, Nann LE. Comparison of peripheral and core temperatures in anesthetized horses. Am J Vet Med. 1999;60(5):648\u2010651.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00259.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2023.104879"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08987564251371523","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08987564251371523","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08987564251371523","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:20:28Z","timestamp":1777508428000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08987564251371523"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08987564251371523"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08987564251371523","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-7564","2470-4083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-7564","type":"print"},{"value":"2470-4083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]}}}