{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T12:30:21Z","timestamp":1786710621408,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Dent"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Class II malocclusion in dogs is a skeletal abnormality characterized by mandibular distoclusion that can result in traumatic occlusion and compromised oral health. While associated soft tissue trauma is well recognized, the prevalence of concurrent congenital and developmental dental anomalies in affected dogs has not been systematically evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental anomalies in dogs with class II malocclusion and compare findings to dogs with normal occlusion. Medical records from three veterinary dentistry referral centers were retrospectively reviewed. Dogs with class II malocclusion were included if they had complete oral examinations, dental charting, and full-mouth diagnostic imaging. Control dogs met the same criteria. Dental anomalies were recorded, and multivariable generalized linear models were used to compare prevalence between groups while adjusting for age, sex, and body weight (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Eighty-seven dogs with class II malocclusion and 98 controls were included. Affected dogs had a significantly higher prevalence of dental crowding, persistent deciduous teeth, and rotated teeth. Other anomalies\u2014including supernumerary teeth, hypodontia, infraeruption, enamel defects, dilaceration, fused roots, gemination, and impacted teeth\u2014were observed but did not differ significantly between groups. Dogs with class II malocclusion are more likely to exhibit multiple dental anomalies compared to dogs with normal occlusion. These findings suggest overlapping developmental mechanisms affecting craniofacial growth and odontogenesis. Early recognition is important for timely intervention and improved patient welfare.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08987564261474588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T13:49:35Z","timestamp":1786456175000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Prevalence of Concurrent Congenital and Developmental Dental Anomalies in Dogs with Class II Malocclusions Compared to Dogs with Normal Occlusion"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8165-6203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin","family":"McGuirk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Dental Care and Oral Surgery, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MJ","family":"Redman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Dental Care and Oral Surgery, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8058-7643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Gilleland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118816219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08987564221141826"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","volume-title":"Small Animal Dental, Oral & Maxillofacial Disease: A Color Handbook","author":"Niemiec BA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Niemiec BA. Small Animal Dental, Oral & Maxillofacial Disease: A Color Handbook. Manson Publishing\/The Veterinary Press; CRC Press; 2013."},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"791","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of class II malocclusion","volume":"60","author":"Thatcher G","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thatcher G. Diagnosis and management of class II malocclusion. Can Vet J. 2019;60(7):791-795.","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","volume-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics","author":"Proffit WR","year":"2007","unstructured":"Proffit WR, Fields HW, Sarver DM. Contemporary Orthodontics. Fourth edition. Elsevier; 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898756416683490"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00357"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08987564251322660"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","volume-title":"Dentofacial Orthopedics in the Growing Child: Understanding Craniofacial Growth in the Management of Malocclusions","author":"Saadia M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saadia M, Valencia R. Dentofacial Orthopedics in the Growing Child: Understanding Craniofacial Growth in the Management of Malocclusions. Wiley Blackwell; 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"American Veterinary Dental College. AVDC nomenclature. Accessed July 19 2025. https:\/\/avdc.org\/avdc-nomenclature\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08987564221099133"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08987564231206036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898756416677395"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898756418774886"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898756420905136"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","volume-title":"The Genetic and Endocrinic Basis for Differences in Form and Behavior: As Elucidated by Studies of Contrasted Pure-Line Dog Breeds and Their Hybrids","author":"Stockard CR","year":"1941","unstructured":"Stockard CR, Anderson OD, James WT, Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology. The Genetic and Endocrinic Basis for Differences in Form and Behavior: As Elucidated by Studies of Contrasted Pure-Line Dog Breeds and Their Hybrids. The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology; 1941. doi:10.5962\/bhl.title.6460."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089875649200900201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.130.17.375"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02982842"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089875640001700301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089875640802500311"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","volume-title":"Miller and Evans\u2019 Anatomy of the Dog","author":"Hermanson JW","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hermanson JW, DeLahunta A, Evans HE, Miller ME. Miller and Evans\u2019 Anatomy of the Dog. Fifth edition. Elsevier; 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2005.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0195-5616(99)50078-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118705018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119552031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089875640502200207"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10070406"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2024.105161"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","first-page":"325","article-title":"Inter-relations between infraocclusion of primary mandibular molars, tipping of adjacent teeth, and alveolar bone height","volume":"35","author":"Peretz B","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peretz B, Absawi-Huri M, Bercovich R, Amir E. Inter-relations between infraocclusion of primary mandibular molars, tipping of adjacent teeth, and alveolar bone height. Pediatr Dent. 2013;35(4):325-328.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601610010714"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15557\/PiMR.2022.0050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23804\/ejpd.2020.21.01.08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60030423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1043\/0003-3219(2006)076%5B0570:RTAOCO%5D2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2024.1484020"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","first-page":"279","article-title":"An evaluation of five methods of derotating upper molar teeth","volume":"16","author":"Orton HS","year":"1966","unstructured":"Orton HS. An evaluation of five methods of derotating upper molar teeth. Dent Pract Dent Rec. 1966;16(7):279-286.","journal-title":"Dent Pract Dent Rec"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.53.231"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/112811-733.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9962429"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.58045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","volume-title":"The Veterinary Dental Patient: A Multidisciplinary Approach","author":"Gawor J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gawor J, Niemiec BA. The Veterinary Dental Patient: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Wiley-Blackwell; 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","volume-title":"Veterinary Dental Techniques for the Small Animal Practitioner - E-Book","author":"Holmstrom DVM SE","year":"2004","unstructured":"Holmstrom DVM SE. Veterinary Dental Techniques for the Small Animal Practitioner - E-Book. 3rd ed. Elsevier - Health Sciences Division; 2004.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1224391"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","unstructured":"American Veterinary Dental College. Orthodontic procedures. Published online Revised 2019. Accessed July 12 2025. https:\/\/avdc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/AVDC-pos-stmts\/Orthodontic_Procedures_2019.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","unstructured":"American Veterinary Medical Association. Principles of veterinary medical ethics of the AVMA. Published online August 2019. Accessed July 12 2025. https:\/\/www.avma.org\/resources-tools\/avma-policies\/principles-veterinary-medical-ethics-avma."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055937"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.79.1.62"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08987564261474588","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08987564261474588","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08987564261474588","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T11:34:22Z","timestamp":1786707262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08987564261474588"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08987564261474588"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08987564261474588","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-7564","2470-4083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-7564","type":"print"},{"value":"2470-4083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"article-number":"08987564261474588"}}