{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T02:05:18Z","timestamp":1777860318194,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Expert Cortrak\u2122 guided-tube placement attains near-zero pneumothorax risk versus 0.52% in \u2018blind\u2019 tube placement. Conversely, in low-use Cortrak centres, insufficient training and misinterpretation results in undetected lung misplacement and pneumothorax in 0.10% versus 0.013% for blind placement.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n Determine whether manufacturer training guides enable safe interpretation of tube position.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Manufacturer guidance was compared to the evidence-based lung-oesophagus, gastrointestinal flexure system (LOGIFS). Manufacturer text and figures were analysed to determine whether it is possible to objectively interpret tube position by organ or its position within an organ.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Manufacturer descriptions are subjective, precluding definitive interpretation of tube position: 1. Lung: No information on the trace angle and distance of deviation from the sagittal midline or receiver or expected trace pattern to warn of misplacement; 2: Stomach: Gastric flexures are not described therefore a tube\u2019s entry, safe position and exit are unknown; 3. Intestine: Manufacturer terms cannot differentiate tube passage into the intestine from retroflexion back to the stomach. Failure to describe the superior- and inferior-duodenal or duodeno-jejunal (DJ) flexures means that intestinal position is not known. Guides only partially describe artefact traces caused by receiver misalignment but not how to correct the receiver position based on the trace.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Lack of objective information to interpret traces and correct for artefacts, combined with mandating tube withdrawal, risks misinterpreting tube position and repeated or failed tube placement, respectively. Manufacturer guides should be substituted with published, evidence-based guides.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09246479251377592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:08:48Z","timestamp":1758672528000},"page":"67-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interpreting Cortrak\u2122 feeding tube position: Safety assessment of manufacturer training guides"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3970-1819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southmead Hospital Bristol"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaylee R.","family":"Sayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southmead Hospital Bristol"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jules","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southmead Hospital Bristol"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","volume-title":"Energias market research","year":"2018","unstructured":"Energias market research. 2018. https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/07\/26\/1542510\/0\/en\/Global-Nasogastric-Tube-NGT-Market-to-Witness-a-CAGR-of-6-4-during-2018-2024.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Taylor SJ. Feeding tube safety: National guidance ignores the 'elephant in the room'. Int J Risk Saf Med 2025; May 365(2): 85-97. DOI: 10.1177\/09246479241295560. Epub 2024 Nov.","DOI":"10.1177\/09246479241295560"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607110377096"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10065"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","volume-title":"Guided feeding tube placement","author":"Taylor SJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Taylor SJ. Guided feeding tube placement. Silhouette Publications, 2022. ISBN: 978-0-9574558-6-3. nss.info@talktalk.net."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17511437221095336"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","volume-title":"Cortrak 2 enteral access system. Operator's manual and service guide","author":"Avanos Medical Inc","year":"2022","unstructured":"Avanos Medical Inc. Cortrak 2 enteral access system. Operator's manual and service guide, 2022c. Last accessed 7th November 2022 from.https:\/\/avanos.showpad.com\/share\/kVhc9EQBvVkNbrmCHGzVw"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","volume-title":"Operating and troubleshooting tips","author":"Avanos Medical Inc","year":"2024","unstructured":"Avanos Medical Inc. Cortrak 2 enteral access system. Operating and troubleshooting tips, 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","volume-title":"Efficiency that empowers (interface update)","author":"Cortrak 2 Eneral Access System (EAS)","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cortrak 2 Eneral Access System (EAS). Efficiency that empowers (interface update), 2024. https:\/\/avanos.com\/enteral-feeding\/cortrak-2-enteral-access-system-eas\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2020.29.12.662"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2020.29.21.1277"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2017.26.15.876"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1015"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20210432"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33590\/emjgastroenterol\/10314375"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103492"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103495"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09246479251377592","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/09246479251377592","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09246479251377592","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:45:50Z","timestamp":1777509950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09246479251377592"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/09246479251377592"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09246479251377592","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-6479","1878-6847"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-6479","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-6847","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]}}}