{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:05:55Z","timestamp":1786122355402,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council of Heads of Pharmacy Departments of National Hospitals"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Risk &amp; Safety in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate cyclophosphamide contamination in community pharmacies, investigate patient-mediated transfer and indirect risks to the public, and examine the association between the use of hospital closed system transfer devices (CSTDs) and this contamination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Wipe samples from patient counselling counters at 24 community pharmacies near 10 hospitals were analysed for cyclophosphamide contamination using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess CSTD use and cleaning practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Contamination was detected in 5\/24 pharmacies (20.8%; median level: 0.7\u00a0ng\/625\u00a0cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). The overall median across the 24 pharmacies was below the limit of quantification, which does not necessarily indicate absence of contamination. Moreover, four of the five pharmacies with contamination did not have cyclophosphamide in stock during the sampling period. Contamination was observed irrespective of hospital CSTD use or the pharmacy\u2019s handling of cyclophosphamide.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cyclophosphamide contamination detection on patient counselling counters in community pharmacies may be a result of patient-mediated transfer. However, alternative sources within pharmacies, such as inventory, packaging, and local handling, cannot be ruled out. Contamination was detected in settings with and without hospital CSTD use, indicating that CSTDs address handling-related contamination but do not mitigate patient-mediated pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09246479251409552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T09:23:17Z","timestamp":1766740997000},"page":"300-308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection of cyclophosphamide residues on community pharmacy counters: An exploratory survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3445-9595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masato","family":"Komuro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Institute for Health Security"},{"name":"Japan Health Research Promotion Bureau"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0744-7425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hisanaga","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahito","family":"Furuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Juntendo University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akio","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshimasa","family":"Nagao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiaki","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6345-1858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuma","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syuji","family":"Horita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6845-5533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinya","family":"Takada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoko","family":"Udagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Center Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Tagashira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumitaka","family":"Shinkai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Hisamatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuyuki","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center, and Chugoku Cancer Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiichi","family":"Osaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hospital Organization Kanmon Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yurina","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hospital Organization Hiroshimanishi Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Okura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsuneo","family":"Maki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hospital Organization Hiroshimanishi Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9436-8305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Japan Institute for Health Security"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002820-199308000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","first-page":"855","article-title":"Leukaemia and reproductive outcome among nurses handling antineoplastic drugs","volume":"49","author":"Skov T","year":"1992","unstructured":"Skov T, Maarup B, Olsen J, et al. Leukaemia and reproductive outcome among nurses handling antineoplastic drugs. Br J Ind Med 1992; 49: 855\u2013861.","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10781552211070933"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","first-page":"1163","article-title":"Recommendations for handling cytotoxic drugs in hospitals","volume":"40","author":"Stolar MH","year":"1983","unstructured":"Stolar MH, Power LA, Viele CS. Recommendations for handling cytotoxic drugs in hospitals. Am J Hosp Pharm 1983; 40: 1163\u20131171.","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","first-page":"1161","article-title":"The 1983-84 ASHP practice spotlight: safe handling of cytotoxic drugs","volume":"40","author":"Stolar MH","year":"1983","unstructured":"Stolar MH, Power LA. The 1983-84 ASHP practice spotlight: safe handling of cytotoxic drugs. Am J Hosp Pharm 1983; 40: 1161\u20131162.","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","unstructured":"NIOSH Alert NIOSH. Preventing occupational exposures to antineoplastic and other hazardous drugs in health care settings. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/docs\/2004-165\/pdfs\/2004-165.pdf (2004) (accessed 6 August 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","unstructured":"NIOSH. NIOSH list of hazardous drugs in healthcare settings. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/docs\/2025-103\/pdfs\/2025-103.pdf?id=10.26616\/NIOSHPUB2025103 (2024) 2024 accessed 6 August 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","unstructured":"U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention. USP general chapter <800> hazardous drugs\u2014handling in healthcare settings. https:\/\/www.uspnf.com\/sites\/default\/files\/usp_pdf\/EN\/USPNF\/usp-nf-commentary\/gc__800_commentary_final.pdf?_gl=1*25ig63*_gcl_au*NjkzNjI4NjI3LjE3NTQ0NTU1NDU.*_ga*MTQ4MjI2MTAxOS4xNzU0NDU1NTQ1*_ga_DTGQ04CR27*czE3NTQ0NTU1NDUkbzEkZzEkdDE3NTQ0NTU2NDYkajUxJGwwJGgw (2016) (accessed 6 August 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","volume-title":"Overall evaluations of carcinogenicity: an updating of IARC monographs volumes 1 to 42: this publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC ad-hoc working group on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, which met in Lyon, 10-18 march 1987","author":"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans","year":"1987","unstructured":"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Overall evaluations of carcinogenicity: an updating of IARC monographs volumes 1 to 42: this publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC ad-hoc working group on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, which met in Lyon, 10-18 march 1987. Lyon: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1987."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(00)00105-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2020.1776299"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-21191-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OP9.0000000000000024"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155212459667"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2017.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10781552221077035"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10781552221145507"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1979.tb01025.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.01296"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2023.102195"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-024-02535-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2016.1237026"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","first-page":"613","article-title":"External contamination of cytotoxic drugs","volume":"47","author":"Mason HJ","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mason HJ, Blair S, Sams C, et al. External contamination of cytotoxic drugs. Ann Occup Hyg 2003; 47(7): 613\u2013618.","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","first-page":"629","article-title":"Environmental and biological monitoring of antineoplastic drugs","volume":"49","author":"Hedmer M","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hedmer M, Tinnerberg H, Axmon A, et al. Environmental and biological monitoring of antineoplastic drugs. Ann Occup Hyg 2005; 49(8): 629\u2013637.","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197172"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxaf022"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.827835"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159052"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155212468367"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155210361431"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","first-page":"CD012860","article-title":"Closed-system drug-transfer devices plus safe handling of hazardous drugs versus safe handling alone for reducing exposure to infusional hazardous drugs in healthcare staff","volume":"3","author":"Gurusamy KS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gurusamy KS, Best LM, Tanguay C, et al. Closed-system drug-transfer devices plus safe handling of hazardous drugs versus safe handling alone for reducing exposure to infusional hazardous drugs in healthcare staff. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 3: CD012860.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018578717722870"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2013.12245"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_2","unstructured":"BC Cancer. Safe handling of hazardous drugs. https:\/\/www.americangeriatrics.org\/sites\/default\/files\/inline-files\/AGSChoosingWiselyPoster.pdf (2024) (accessed 7 August 2025)."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Risk &amp; Safety in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09246479251409552","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/09246479251409552","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09246479251409552","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T10:20:15Z","timestamp":1786098015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09246479251409552"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/09246479251409552"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09246479251409552","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/09246479251409552\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/09246479251409552\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/09246479251409552\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/09246479251409552\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0924-6479","1878-6847"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-6479","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-6847","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]}}}