{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:39:36Z","timestamp":1777682376927,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62172436"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62172436"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Engineering University of PAP's Funding for Education and Teaching Program Grant","award":["Wjx2025069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Wjx2025069"]}]},{"name":"Engineering University of PAP's Funding for Basic and Cutting-Edge Innovation Grant","award":["Wjy202520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Wjy202520"]}]},{"name":"Stability Program of National Key Laboratory of Security Communication","award":["WD202513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WD202513"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of High Speed Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>With the widespread adoption of cloud computing, cloud storage technology has developed rapidly, but issues of data security and privacy protection have also become prominent. As a key means to ensure the security of cloud storage data, cloud auditing technology strengthens the data security defense for users by verifying data integrity and availability. In recent years, advancements in trusted execution environment (TEE) technology have brought higher security guarantees to cloud auditing. However, existing TEE-based multi-replica data auditing schemes, such as TEEMRDA (trusted execution environment-based multi-replica data audit), still have security vulnerabilities when facing specific attacks. This paper deeply analyzes the security risks of the TEEMRDA scheme, proposes an improved cloud data auditing scheme, comprehensively evaluating them from dimensions such as security and performance. The results show that the improved scheme performs excellently in resisting specific attacks and has significant advantages in performance. The scheme proposed by Hui Tian et al. (2025) exhibits potential security vulnerabilities under specific attack scenarios. The improved scheme can overcome the security problems and can be applied to unmanned aerial vehicles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09266801261419605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T18:16:45Z","timestamp":1771438605000},"page":"147-162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An improved cloud data auditing scheme with enhanced security based on trusted execution environment-based multi-replica data audit"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Zhang","family":"Chao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering University of People's Armed Police, Xi'an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Weidong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering University of People's Armed Police, Xi'an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wang Xu","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering University of People's Armed Police, Xi'an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8188-2820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuanggen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Haibo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering University of People's Armed Police, Xi'an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering University of People's Armed Police, Xi'an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2010.5462173"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Indistinguishability obfuscation: a key enabler for lightweight provable data possession in cloud storage","author":"Arivazhagi S","unstructured":"Arivazhagi S, Kumar R. Indistinguishability obfuscation: a key enabler for lightweight provable data possession in cloud storage. In: 2023 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI), Coimbatore, India, 2023, pp.1\u20135."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2011.245"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"3759","article-title":"Decentralized cloud data integrity auditing scheme based on blockchain and fog computing.","volume":"45","author":"Xiaodong Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiaodong Y, Xiuxiu W, Qianqian L, et al. Decentralized cloud data integrity auditing scheme based on blockchain and fog computing. J\u00a0Electron Inf Technol (in Chinese) 2023; 45: 3759\u20133766.","journal-title":"J\u00a0Electron Inf Technol (in Chinese)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"57","article-title":"Cloud storage auditing scheme based on ECDSA.","volume":"57","author":"Li R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li R, Yi Z, Yuan W, et al. Cloud storage auditing scheme based on ECDSA. J\u00a0Shandong Univ (in Chinese) 2022; 57: 57\u201365.","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shandong Univ (in Chinese)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"3012","article-title":"Research on cloud storage data security auditing in big data environment.","volume":"35","author":"Li S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li S, Zhang X, Chen W. Research on cloud storage data security auditing in big data environment. Appl Res Comput (in Chinese) 2018; 35: 3012\u20133016.","journal-title":"Appl Res Comput (in Chinese)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2012.278"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"56","article-title":"Public auditing scheme for data integrity in public cloud.","volume":"4","author":"Miao J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miao J, Feng Z, Li M, et al. Public auditing scheme for data integrity in public cloud. Cybersecurity (in Chinese) 2018; 4: 56\u201360.","journal-title":"Cybersecurity (in Chinese)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"A survey on efficient auditing scheme for secure data storage in fog-to-cloud computing","volume":"13","author":"Thenmozhi A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thenmozhi A. A survey on efficient auditing scheme for secure data storage in fog-to-cloud computing. J\u00a0Cloud Comput 2024; 13: 1\u201320.","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cloud Comput"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2767005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11591\/ijai.v14.i1.pp12-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"301","article-title":"Efficient certificateless public integrity auditing of cloud data with designated verifier for batch audit","volume":"34","author":"Li R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li R, Wang XA, Yang H et al. Efficient certificateless public integrity auditing of cloud data with designated verifier for batch audit. J\u00a0King Saud Univ\u2014Comput Inform Sci 2022; 34: 301\u2013310.","journal-title":"J\u00a0King Saud Univ\u2014Comput Inform Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Enhancing security protocols in cloud computing","volume":"17","author":"Smith J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Smith J, Doe A. Enhancing security protocols in cloud computing. Int J Adv Secur 2023; 17: 45\u201356.","journal-title":"Int J Adv Secur"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-022-3597-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"12","article-title":"Research situation, operation mechanism and guarantee strategy of cloud auditing platform.","volume":"26","author":"Liu G","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu G, Zhou Y. Research situation, operation mechanism and guarantee strategy of cloud auditing platform. Commun Finance Accounting (in Chinese) 2022; 26: 12\u201317.","journal-title":"Commun Finance Accounting (in Chinese)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3121678"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Design and risk control of cloud auditing system in cloud computing environment","volume":"32","author":"Wei X","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wei X. Design and risk control of cloud auditing system in cloud computing environment. Friends Account (in Chinese) 2015; 32: 45\u201349.","journal-title":"Friends Account (in Chinese)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2016.2528500"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"EMCA: an efficient multi-replica auditing scheme in multi-cloud storage.","volume":"47","author":"Hu Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu Y, Jin Y. EMCA: an efficient multi-replica auditing scheme in multi-cloud storage. Chin J Comput (in Chinese) 2024; 47: 1\u201313.","journal-title":"Chin J Comput (in Chinese)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"789","article-title":"Blockchain-based dynamic multi-cloud multi-replica data integrity auditing method.","volume":"36","author":"Wang C","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang C, Sun Y, et al. Blockchain-based dynamic multi-cloud multi-replica data integrity auditing method. J\u00a0Software (in Chinese) 2025; 36: 789\u2013804.","journal-title":"J\u00a0Software (in Chinese)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"123","article-title":"Multi-party efficient auditing mechanism for data integrity based on blockchain.","volume":"59","author":"Zhou J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou J, Wang N, Du X. Multi-party efficient auditing mechanism for data integrity based on blockchain. J\u00a0Comput Res Dev (in Chinese) 2022; 59: 123\u2013130.","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comput Res Dev (in Chinese)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","first-page":"120","article-title":"Research on dynamic data multi-replica possession auditing strategy in cloud storage.","volume":"8","author":"Zhao L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao L. Research on dynamic data multi-replica possession auditing strategy in cloud storage. J\u00a0Inform Secur (in Chinese) 2023; 8: 120\u2013136.","journal-title":"J\u00a0Inform Secur (in Chinese)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"1410","article-title":"Integrity verification scheme for multi-replica files in cloud storage.","volume":"51","author":"Fu Y","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fu Y, Zhang M, et al. Integrity verification scheme for multi-replica files in cloud storage. J\u00a0Comput Res Dev (in Chinese) 2014; 51: 1410\u20131417.","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comput Res Dev (in Chinese)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"17170","article-title":"Research on integrity check method of cloud storage multi-copy data based on multi-agent","volume":"4","author":"Shen P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shen P, Li C, Zhang Z. Research on integrity check method of cloud storage multi-copy data based on multi-agent. IEEE Access 2020; 4: 17170\u201317178.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"Integrity auditing for multi-copy in cloud storage based on red-black tree","volume":"14","author":"Lalitha Keerthana DS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lalitha Keerthana DS, Durga Devi KV. Integrity auditing for multi-copy in cloud storage based on red-black tree. Int J Comput Sci Technol 2023; 14: 43\u201348.","journal-title":"Int J Comput Sci Technol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","first-page":"2433","article-title":"Public auditing using identity-based cryptosystems on multi-copy data integrity in cloud","volume":"12","author":"Hariharan R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hariharan R, et al. Public auditing using identity-based cryptosystems on multi-copy data integrity in cloud. ICTACT J Commun Technol 2021; 12: 2433\u20132438.","journal-title":"ICTACT J Commun Technol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Certificate-based multi-copy cloud storage auditing supporting dynamic data updates","volume":"27","author":"Li S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li S, Xu C, Zhang Y, et al. Certificate-based multi-copy cloud storage auditing supporting dynamic data updates. ACM Trans Comput Commun Secur 2024; 27: 1\u201330.","journal-title":"ACM Trans Comput Commun Secur"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"432","article-title":"RDIMM: revocable and dynamic identity-based multi-copy data auditing for multi-cloud storage","volume":"630","author":"Tian Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tian Y, Tan H, Shen J, et al. RDIMM: revocable and dynamic identity-based multi-copy data auditing for multi-cloud storage. Inf Sci 2023; 630: 432\u2013447.","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Research on public auditing scheme for multi-replica data in cloud storage.","volume":"8","author":"Yang X","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang X. Research on public auditing scheme for multi-replica data in cloud storage. J\u00a0Inf Secur (in Chinese) 2023; 8: 45\u201352.","journal-title":"J\u00a0Inf Secur (in Chinese)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Multi-replica auditing in cloud based on Shamir secret sharing.","volume":"37","author":"Tian H","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tian H, Chen Y, et al. Multi-replica auditing in cloud based on Shamir secret sharing. J\u00a0Commun (in Chinese) 2016; 37: 45\u201355.","journal-title":"J\u00a0Commun (in Chinese)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.5051"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","first-page":"1118","article-title":"Efficient certificateless multi-copy integrity auditing scheme supporting data dynamics","volume":"19","author":"Zhou L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou L, Fu A, Yang G, et al. Efficient certificateless multi-copy integrity auditing scheme supporting data dynamics. IEEE Trans Dependable Secure Comput 2022; 19: 1118\u20131136.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Dependable Secure Comput"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2020.102176"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2022.3211642"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","first-page":"103683","article-title":"TEEMRDA: leveraging trusted execution environments for multi-replica data auditing in cloud storage","volume":"139","author":"Tian H","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tian H, Wang M, Quan H, et al. TEEMRDA: leveraging trusted execution environments for multi-replica data auditing in cloud storage. Comput Secur 2024; 139: 103683.","journal-title":"Comput Secur"}],"container-title":["Journal of High Speed Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09266801261419605","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/09266801261419605","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09266801261419605","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:42:42Z","timestamp":1777452162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09266801261419605"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/09266801261419605"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09266801261419605","relation":{},"ISSN":["0926-6801","1875-8940"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0926-6801","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8940","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]}}}