{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:55:28Z","timestamp":1777924528177,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Technology and Health Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cerebral infarction is often associated with underlying cerebral vascular stenosis, such as carotid artery stenosis or cerebral artery stenosis due to arteriosclerosis. Existing imaging techniques, including carotid ultrasound, computed tomography angiography (CTA), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), are useful for diagnosis, but have limitations such as radiation exposure, contrast medium use side effects, and high cost. Therefore, the need for a simple, noninvasive, and cost-effective screening tool is emerging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we propose a novel cerebral infarction screening technique using PPG signals measured from both index fingers for 120\u2005s.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PPG is a noninvasive optical technology that measures pulse waves that appear according to changes in blood volume. The collected waveforms were divided into windows and then normalized. Maximum Positive Amplitude (MPA) and Maximum Negative Amplitude (MNA) were extracted from each section, and the normal group and cerebral infarction patients were classified through linear discriminant analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As a result of analyzing a total of 100 subjects (50 patients with cerebral infarction and 50 normal controls), the recognition rate based on MNA was 84%, MPA was 81%, and when the two indices were combined, it was 80%. Sensitivity was 80% for MNA and 72% for MPA, and specificity was 88% and 90%, respectively, suggesting that amplitude-based PPG indices can effectively reflect the presence or absence of cerebrovascular lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests the possibility of simply identifying patients with cerebral infarction by analyzing PPG signals of both fingers. The proposed technique can be used as a screening tool to complement existing imaging techniques, and is expected to contribute to reducing the burden of stroke through early diagnosis and preventive intervention in the future.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09287329251363294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T08:26:38Z","timestamp":1754987198000},"page":"187-196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification of cerebral infarction using bilateral photoplethysmography"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7398-1829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Yeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jeonbuk, South-Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5443-3635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun Goo","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jeonbuk, South-Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8031-5392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"YoungSuk","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AI Software Department, Chosun University, 65, Chosun University 5-gil, Gwangju, South-Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000375"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"95","article-title":"Factors affecting development of stroke in hypertension patients","volume":"45","author":"Park J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park J, Kang GW, Tak YJ. Factors affecting development of stroke in hypertension patients. Korean Public Health Res 2019; 45: 95\u2013104.","journal-title":"Korean Public Health Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"166","article-title":"Association of stroke with ambulatory arterial stiffness Index and circardian. Risk factors that affect stroke : using data from the 7th national health and nutrition examination survey (2016\u20132018) 283 blood pressure variation in hypertensive patients","volume":"38","author":"Jung SC","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jung SC, Yang SY, Kim DY, et\u00a0al. Association of stroke with ambulatory arterial stiffness Index and circardian. Risk factors that affect stroke : using data from the 7th national health and nutrition examination survey (2016\u20132018) 283 blood pressure variation in hypertensive patients. Med J Chosun Univ 2013; 38: 166\u2013171.","journal-title":"Med J Chosun Univ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17340\/jkna.2019.3.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"159","article-title":"2011 update of scientific statement for the primary prevention of stroke: dyslipidemia and inflammation","volume":"30","author":"Han SW","year":"2012","unstructured":"Han SW, Kim HY, Park JM, et\u00a0al. 2011 update of scientific statement for the primary prevention of stroke: dyslipidemia and inflammation. J Neurol Assoc 2012; 30: 159\u2013169.","journal-title":"J Neurol Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9728\/dcs.2018.19.7.1323"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17262\/KJPH.2017.03.54.1.15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-025-04024-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(99)00192-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.930683"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-005-8982-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/26\/5\/022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10558-007-9037-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"283","article-title":"Evaluation of vascular wall elasticity of human digital arteries using alternating current-signal photoplethysmography","volume":"9","author":"Uangpairoj P","year":"2023","unstructured":"Uangpairoj P, Shibata M. Evaluation of vascular wall elasticity of human digital arteries using alternating current-signal photoplethysmography. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2023; 9: 283\u2013295.","journal-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/htl.2014.0090"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2015.2513899"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mi7090147"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-209022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Monitoring personalized trait using oscillometric arterial blood pressure measurements","author":"Shin YS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shin YS. Monitoring personalized trait using oscillometric arterial blood pressure measurements. J Appl Math 2012: 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/591252","journal-title":"J Appl Math"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/491382"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","volume-title":"Pattern classification","author":"Duda RO","year":"2001","unstructured":"Duda RO, Hart PE, Stork DG. Pattern classification. 2nd ed.\u00a0New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2001.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6943.1552"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"1541","article-title":"Bovine aortic arch variant in humans: clarification of a common misnomer","volume":"27","author":"Layton KF","year":"2006","unstructured":"Layton KF, Kallmes DF, Cloft HJ, et\u00a0al. Bovine aortic arch variant in humans: clarification of a common misnomer. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2006; 27: 1541\u20131542.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"}],"container-title":["Technology and Health Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09287329251363294","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/09287329251363294","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09287329251363294","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:26:11Z","timestamp":1777670771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09287329251363294"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/09287329251363294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09287329251363294","relation":{},"ISSN":["0928-7329","1878-7401"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0928-7329","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-7401","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]}}}