{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:08:46Z","timestamp":1787018926408,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Technology and Health Care"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With the use of sevoflurane, the incidence of emergence agitation (EA) has also increased.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to investigate whether S-ketamine can prevent EA after sevoflurane anesthesia in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children undergoing otolaryngology surgery were assigned to one of four groups randomly. Drugs were given five minutes before the operation was accomplished. The incidence of EA was measured by the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale (PAED) scores. Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability scale (FLACC) scores and the rate of adverse events were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The incidence of EA was significantly lower in children given 2\u2005mg\/kg propofol, 0.25\u2005mg\/kg S-ketamine and 0.5\u2005mg\/kg S-ketamine compared with that in children given normal saline. At 3\u2005h and 6\u2005h after operation, the FLACC scores in children given 0.25\u2005mg\/kg S-ketamine and 0.5\u2005mg\/kg S-ketamine were significantly lower than those in children given 2\u2005mg\/kg propofol and saline (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). No statistical differences were found in adverse reactions among children in the four groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intravenous injection of propofol 2\u2005mg\/kg, S-ketamine 0.25\u2005mg\/kg and S-ketamine 0.5\u2005mg\/kg before end of the operation can all reduce the incidence of occurrence of emergence agitation in children undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy after sevoflurane anesthesia. Compared with children given propofol 2\u2005mg\/kg and S-ketamine 0.5\u2005mg\/kg, children given S-ketamine 0.25\u2005mg\/kg has the advantage of not prolonging the awakening time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09287329251365430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T13:52:15Z","timestamp":1755093135000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of S-ketamine on emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia for children: A randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Xiaole","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junli","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2024.1353027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0259-1162.172340"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/6418429"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S198123"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1031010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-019-0816-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"3136","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of propofol in preventing emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia for children","volume":"17","author":"Wu X","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu X, Cao J, Shan C, et\u00a0al. Efficacy and safety of propofol in preventing emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia for children. 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