{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T19:48:51Z","timestamp":1782935331447,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HF20C0174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HF20C0174"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Technology and Health Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Parkinson's Image Self (PIS) Report app was developed to complement standard clinician-rated assessments, such as the Movement Disorder Society\u2013Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), by enabling patients to digitally self-report Parkinson's disease (PD) symptoms, including pain, tremor, rigidity, and emotional states.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate PIS Report validity and digital health utility by comparing patient-reported outcomes with clinician-rated MDS-UPDRS assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy-eight PD participants completed baseline assessments; 70 provided week-8 follow-up data. PIS outcomes were compared with MDS-UPDRS items using ANOVA, correlation analysis, chi-square tests, and Cohen's kappa statistics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PIS-derived pain scores differed significantly across MDS-UPDRS pain strata (Item 1.9; F\u2009=\u20094.48, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Head\/neck and upper limb pain correlated with perceived OFF periods (r\u2009=\u20090.46\u20130.48, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), while head\/neck and lower limb pain correlated negatively with happiness (r\u2009=\u2009\u20130.35 to \u22120.41, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Tremor reports showed fair agreement with clinician ratings (\u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200918.54, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; \u03ba\u2009=\u20090.36), whereas rigidity showed negligible agreement (\u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.00, p\u2009=\u20091.000; \u03ba\u2009=\u20090.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PIS Report provides a structured digital tool enhancing patient\u2013clinician communication and remote monitoring by capturing pain, OFF states, and emotional symptoms. Integration with wearables and telemedicine may advance patient-centered PD care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRIS (KCT0006646); ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05621772).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09287329251414326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T13:49:38Z","timestamp":1770299378000},"page":"287-299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Visual self-reporting for symptom communication in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8644-8275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wang-Jung","family":"Hur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2661-349X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong-Woo","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9527-7472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miso S","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology &amp; Neurology of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6152-7488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho-Ryong","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology &amp; Neurology of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Brain and Neurological Disorders Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30499-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23083807"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","article-title":"Spectrum of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Kumaresan M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumaresan M, Khan S. Spectrum of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Cureus 2021; 13: e13275.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22340"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09348-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2018.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00331-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-020-01187-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"American Parkinson Disease Association. APDA symptom tracker. 2025. Available from: www.apdaparkinson.org\/apda-symptom-tracker\/ Accessed: 2025-07-01."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-021-00414-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15874-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Zhan A Little MA Harris DA et al. High frequency remote monitoring of Parkinson's disease via smartphone: platform overview and medication response detection. arXiv 2016; arXiv:1601.00960."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25628"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20494637251343227"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200004150-00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/14569"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2920255"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60060958"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20030880"}],"container-title":["Technology and Health Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09287329251414326","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/09287329251414326","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09287329251414326","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:26:24Z","timestamp":1777670784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09287329251414326"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/09287329251414326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09287329251414326","relation":{},"ISSN":["0928-7329","1878-7401"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0928-7329","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-7401","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]}}}