{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:18:51Z","timestamp":1787501931643,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,29]],"date-time":"2015-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc Inst Mech Eng H"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A good statistical model is necessary for the reduction in speckle noise. The Nakagami model is more general than the Rayleigh distribution for statistical modeling of speckle in ultrasound images. In this article, the Nakagami-based noise removal method is presented to enhance thyroid ultrasound images and to improve clinical diagnosis. The statistics of log-compressed image are derived from the Nakagami distribution following a maximum a posteriori estimation framework. The minimization problem is solved by optimizing an augmented Lagrange and Chambolle\u2019s projection method. The proposed method is evaluated on both artificial speckle-simulated and real ultrasound images. The experimental findings reveal the superiority of the proposed method both quantitatively and qualitatively in comparison with other speckle reduction methods reported in the literature. The proposed method yields an average signal-to-noise ratio gain of more than 2.16\u2009dB over the non-convex regularizer-based speckle noise removal method, 3.83\u2009dB over the Aubert\u2013Aujol model, 1.71\u2009dB over the Shi\u2013Osher model and 3.21\u2009dB over the Rudin\u2013Lions\u2013Osher model on speckle-simulated synthetic images. Furthermore, visual evaluation of the despeckled images shows that the proposed method suppresses speckle noise well while preserving the textures and fine details.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411915621340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,31]],"date-time":"2015-12-31T21:48:33Z","timestamp":1451598513000},"page":"97-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Nakagami-based total variation method for speckle reduction in thyroid ultrasound images"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Deepika","family":"Koundal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savita","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Panjab University, 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