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In this study, we proposed a practical finite element modeling approach that would be suitable for engineers to optimize construction helmet design. The finite element model includes all essential anatomical structures of a human head (i.e. skin, scalp, skull, cerebrospinal fluid, brain, medulla, spinal cord, cervical vertebrae, and discs) and all major engineering components of a construction helmet (i.e. shell and suspension system). The head finite element model has been calibrated using the experimental data in the literature. It is technically difficult to precisely account for the effects of the neck and body mass on the dynamic responses, because the finite element model does not include the entire human body. An approximation approach has been developed to account for the effects of the neck and body mass on the dynamic responses of the head\u2013brain. Using the proposed model, we have calculated the responses of the head\u2013brain during a top impact when wearing a construction helmet. The proposed modeling approach would provide a tool to improve the helmet design on a biomechanical basis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411916678017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,21]],"date-time":"2017-01-21T11:56:38Z","timestamp":1484999798000},"page":"58-68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Finite element simulations of the head\u2013brain responses to the top impacts of a construction helmet: Effects of the neck and body mass"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"231","author":[{"given":"John Z","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher S","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan M","family":"Wimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles L","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury in the United States: emergency department visits, hospitalizations and deaths 2002\u20132006","author":"Faul M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Faul M, Xu L, Wald M, . 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