{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:36:00Z","timestamp":1790678160320,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,26]],"date-time":"2017-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc Inst Mech Eng H"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The ureters are retroperitoneal structures controlling urine transport from the kidneys to the bladder. Because of the relative scarcity of data on the biomechanical properties of human ureter and the established importance of knowing these properties for understanding its physiology, we initiated biomechanical studies in cadaveric tissue. Herein, we report definite zero-stress\/no-load geometrical characterization at 15 regions along the ureter of human cadavers aged 23\u201382\u2009years, estimating the opening angle, circumferential residual strains, axial curvature, and dimensional parameters. Opening angle decreased along the proximal 25% of ureter, increased and reached a maximum near the mid-ureter, and then gradually decreased toward the vesicoureteral junction (young: p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05; middle-aged: p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05; old: p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05; males: p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05; females: p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Similar were the regional distributions of residual strain at the interface between epithelium\u2013lamina propria and muscle and of internal but not external residual strain. Wall thickness increased steadily with aging ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 at few regions), while ureteral circumference did not ( p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05 at most regions) and opening angle decreased ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 at several regions). Consistent with Fung\u2019s stress-growth law, the muscle layer thickened with age unlike the epithelium\u2013lamina propria that thinned ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 at most regions for both thicknesses). Moderate-to-strong direct correlations of residual strain difference (=\u2009external\u2009\u2013\u2009internal) with opening angle, wall thickness, and curvature were found in most ureters. The presented data will provide insight into the biomechanical response of ureter under zero\/low-stress conditions and the relationship between ureteral remodeling and aging. Importantly, they may also be used to inform finite element models and computational studies simulating the ureter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411917750192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,26]],"date-time":"2017-12-26T18:47:57Z","timestamp":1514314077000},"page":"149-162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Regional and age-dependent residual strains, curvature, and dimensions of the human ureter"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"232","author":[{"given":"Despoina C","family":"Petsepe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stavros K","family":"Kourkoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stavroula A","family":"Papadodima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios P","family":"Sokolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biomechanics, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03008880410015165"},{"key":"bibr2-0954411917750192","volume-title":"Campbell-Walsh urology","author":"Wein AJ","year":"2016","edition":"11"},{"key":"bibr3-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2257-4"},{"key":"bibr4-0954411917750192","volume-title":"Biomechanics of the gastrointestinal tract: new perspectives in motility research and diagnostics","author":"Gregersen H","year":"2002","edition":"1"},{"key":"bibr5-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-21576-1"},{"key":"bibr6-0954411917750192","first-page":"297","volume":"14","author":"Akimoto M","year":"1977","journal-title":"Invest Urol"},{"key":"bibr7-0954411917750192","first-page":"459","volume":"17","author":"Hong KW","year":"1980","journal-title":"Invest Urol"},{"key":"bibr8-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)23936-2","volume":"239","author":"Wheeler MA","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"bibr9-0954411917750192","first-page":"711","volume-title":"Frontiers in smooth muscle research","author":"Wheeler MA","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr10-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006823611864"},{"key":"bibr11-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000480603"},{"key":"bibr12-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1971.221.5.1484"},{"key":"bibr13-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.1930130515"},{"key":"bibr14-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2011.581237"},{"key":"bibr15-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2012.761692"},{"key":"bibr16-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)67428-7"},{"key":"bibr17-0954411917750192","first-page":"1678","volume":"11","author":"Rassoli A","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urol J"},{"key":"bibr18-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.11.067"},{"key":"bibr19-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02584301"},{"key":"bibr20-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005649520386"},{"key":"bibr21-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655999750016203"},{"key":"bibr22-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2016.12.003"},{"key":"bibr23-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.08.018"},{"key":"bibr24-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2015.01.024"},{"key":"bibr25-0954411917750192","volume-title":"Clinical urography","author":"Pollack HM","year":"2000","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr26-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.182.4.1821039"},{"key":"bibr27-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-190212000-00003"},{"key":"bibr28-0954411917750192","first-page":"164","volume":"5","author":"Cussen LJ","year":"1967","journal-title":"Invest Urol"},{"key":"bibr29-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.65.5.1340"},{"key":"bibr30-0954411917750192","first-page":"34","volume":"7","author":"Vargiu R","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"bibr31-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2011.12.019"},{"key":"bibr32-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/imammb\/dqn020"},{"key":"bibr33-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2005.19.170"},{"key":"bibr34-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287210370699"},{"key":"bibr35-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/end.1998.12.45"},{"key":"bibr36-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2015.04.027"},{"key":"bibr37-0954411917750192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-5-37"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0954411917750192","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0954411917750192","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0954411917750192","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:23:54Z","timestamp":1777674234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0954411917750192"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,26]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0954411917750192"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0954411917750192","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-4119","2041-3033"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-4119","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-3033","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,26]]}}}