{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:34:17Z","timestamp":1777926857559,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]],"date-time":"2019-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553731200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"national natural science foundation of china","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant number 51775547"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant number 51775547"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Science and Technology Committee Fund","award":["grant number 17411962200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant number 17411962200"]}]},{"name":"Top-notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","award":["grant number PPZY2015B120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant number PPZY2015B120"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc Inst Mech Eng H"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>As a novel application of implantable middle ear hearing device, round-window stimulation is widely used to treat hearing loss with middle ear disease, such as ossicular chain malformation. To evaluate the influence of ossicular chain malformations on the efficiency of the round-window stimulation, a human ear finite element model, which incorporates cochlear asymmetric structure, was constructed. Five groups of comparison with experimental data confirmed the model\u2019s validity. Based on this model, we investigated the influence of three categories of ossicular chain malformations, that is, incudostapedial disconnection, incus and malleus fixation, and fixation of the stapes. These malformations\u2019 effects were evaluated by comparing the equivalent sound pressures derived from the basilar membrane displacement. Results show that the studied ossicular chain malformations mainly affected the round-window simulation\u2019s performance at low frequencies. In contrast to the fixation of the ossicles, which mainly deteriorates round-window simulation\u2019s low-frequency performance, incudostapedial disconnection increases this performance, especially in the absence of incus process and stapes superstructure. Among the studied ossicular chain malformations, the stapes fixation has a much more severe impact on the round-window stimulation\u2019s efficiency. Thus, the influence of the patients\u2019 ossicular chain malformations should be considered in the design of the round-window stimulation\u2019s actuator. The low-frequency output of the round-window simulation\u2019s actuator should be enhanced, especially for treating the patients with stapes fixation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411919839911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]],"date-time":"2019-03-28T08:53:39Z","timestamp":1553763219000},"page":"584-594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Influence of ossicular chain malformation on the performance of round-window stimulation: A finite element approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"233","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5450-5958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Houguang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, P.R. 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