{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T02:29:01Z","timestamp":1793759341781,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591056000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc Inst Mech Eng H"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Disasters cause a huge number of injured patients in a short time while existing emergency facilities encountered devastation and cannot respond properly. Here, the importance of implementing temporary emergency management becomes clear. This study aims to locate some temporary emergency stations across the area by maximal covering after a disaster. Furthermore, a multi-mode fleet is used for transferring patients using different modes of transportation (e.g. helicopter ambulance and bus ambulance). Since the type of patients may change over periods, medical servers can displace among temporary emergency stations dynamically according to disaster severity. For this purpose, a new bi-objective dynamic location-helicopter ambulance allocation-ambulance routing model with multi-medical servers is presented. The first objective function minimizes the operational costs related to the newly designed Emergency Medical Service along with the rate of human loss. The second objective function minimizes the critical time spent before the medical treatment. To validate the developed model, the augmented \u03b5-constraint method is used and applied for the Tehran city, which shows the applicability of the model. Finally, two meta-heuristic algorithms are customized for large-sized problems, and the related results are compared based on multi-objective algorithms\u2019 performance comparison metrics to find the more efficient one.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411920925207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T06:45:37Z","timestamp":1591080337000},"page":"812-828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Air and ground ambulance location-allocation-routing problem for designing a temporary emergency management system after a disaster"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"234","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2916-2092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedram","family":"Memari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6757-926X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Tavakkoli-Moghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Navazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fariborz","family":"Jolai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2018.08.275"},{"key":"bibr2-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/09653560810855883"},{"key":"bibr3-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.19.6.1363"},{"key":"bibr4-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01942293"},{"key":"bibr5-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2016.05.048"},{"key":"bibr6-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2016.09.016"},{"key":"bibr7-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602153340706"},{"key":"bibr8-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.424"},{"key":"bibr9-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2005.05.016"},{"key":"bibr10-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(02)00364-8"},{"key":"bibr11-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2005.03.021"},{"key":"bibr12-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2018.08.303"},{"key":"bibr13-0954411920925207","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 47th international conference on computers and industrial engineering (CIE47)","author":"Talebi E"},{"key":"bibr14-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2011.08.020"},{"key":"bibr15-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2016.06.004"},{"key":"bibr16-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2006.04.003"},{"key":"bibr17-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2015.1013642"},{"key":"bibr18-0954411920925207","first-page":"343","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th international symposium on operational research (SOR\u20192013)","author":"Moeini M"},{"key":"bibr19-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19488300.2015.1094758"},{"key":"bibr20-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.12.035"},{"key":"bibr21-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2014.11.006"},{"key":"bibr22-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2008.05.007"},{"key":"bibr23-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1243\/09544110260138736"},{"key":"bibr24-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10898-013-0094-6"},{"key":"bibr25-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-016-2696-7"},{"key":"bibr26-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2016.11.024"},{"key":"bibr27-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2016-041973"},{"key":"bibr28-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orhc.2018.05.002"},{"key":"bibr29-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2010.05.047"},{"key":"bibr30-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10696-016-9271-5"},{"key":"bibr31-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.20.4.686"},{"key":"bibr32-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orhc.2015.06.006"},{"key":"bibr33-0954411920925207","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th Iranian conference on fuzzy systems (IFSC 2013)","author":"Khodaparasti S"},{"key":"bibr34-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2016.1191692"},{"key":"bibr35-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2018.11.009"},{"key":"bibr36-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2012.12.016"},{"key":"bibr37-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00377-1"},{"key":"bibr38-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2015.04.028"},{"key":"bibr39-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2012.04.010"},{"key":"bibr40-0954411920925207","first-page":"9652","volume":"219","author":"Mavrotas G","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl Math Comput"},{"key":"bibr41-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2009.03.037"},{"key":"bibr42-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.996017"},{"key":"bibr43-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411919889560"},{"key":"bibr44-0954411920925207","first-page":"4661","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE congress on evolutionary computation (CEC 2007)","author":"Atashpaz-Gargari E"},{"key":"bibr45-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2013.05.063"},{"key":"bibr46-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5267\/j.uscm.2017.12.002"},{"key":"bibr47-0954411920925207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411918794721"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0954411920925207","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0954411920925207","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0954411920925207","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:25:42Z","timestamp":1777674342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0954411920925207"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0954411920925207"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0954411920925207","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-4119","2041-3033"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-4119","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-3033","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]}}}