{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T03:28:22Z","timestamp":1782962902393,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]],"date-time":"2021-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611964800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004386","name":"Universiti Malaya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MRUN 2019-1A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRUN 2019-1A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc Inst Mech Eng H"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Electromyography signal has been used widely as input for prosthetic\u2019s leg movements. C-Leg, for example, is among the prosthetics devices that use electromyography as the main input. The main challenge facing the industrial party is the position of the electromyography sensor as it is fixed inside the socket. The study aims to investigate the best positional parameter of electromyography for transtibial prosthetic users for the device to be effective in multiple movement activities and compare with normal human muscle\u2019s activities. DELSYS Trigno wireless electromyography instrument was used in this study to achieve this aim. Ten non-amputee subjects and two transtibial amputees were involved in this study. The surface electromyography signals were recorded from two anterior and posterior below the knee muscles and above the knee muscles, respectively: tibial anterior and gastrocnemius lateral head as well as rectus femoris and biceps femoris during two activities (flexion and extension of knee joint and gait cycle for normal walking). The result during flexion and extension activities for gastrocnemius lateral head and biceps femoris muscles was found to be more useful for the control subjects, while the tibial anterior and also gastrocnemius lateral head are more active for amputee subjects. Also, during normal walking activity for biceps femoris and gastrocnemius lateral head, it was more useful for the control subjects, while for transtibial amputee subject-1, the rectus femoris was the highest signal of the average normal walking activity (0.0001\u2009V) compared to biceps femoris (0.00007\u2009V), as for transtibial amputee subject-2, the biceps femoris was the highest signals of the average normal walking activity (0.0001\u2009V) compared to rectus femoris (0.00004\u2009V). So, it is difficult to rely entirely on the static positioning of the electromyography sensor within the socket as there is a possibility of the sensor to contact with inactive muscle, which will be a gap in the control, leading to a decrease in the functional efficiency of the powered prostheses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411920985753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]],"date-time":"2021-01-30T04:26:48Z","timestamp":1611980808000},"page":"419-427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Investigation of EMG parameter for transtibial prosthetic user with flexion and extension of the knee and normal walking gait: A preliminary study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"235","author":[{"given":"Khaled Nedal Mahmoud","family":"Sobh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1911-015X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasrul Anuar","family":"Abd Razak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor Azuan","family":"Abu Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0954411920985753","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-017-0322-2"},{"key":"bibr2-0954411920985753","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.12.003"},{"key":"bibr3-0954411920985753","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2015.07.073"},{"key":"bibr4-0954411920985753","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/DETC2018-85455"},{"key":"bibr5-0954411920985753","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219519416300039"},{"key":"bibr6-0954411920985753","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19040961"},{"key":"bibr7-0954411920985753","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app8091462"},{"key":"bibr8-0954411920985753","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2018.00078"},{"key":"bibr9-0954411920985753","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4015\/S1016237219500376"},{"key":"bibr10-0954411920985753","first-page":"629246","volume":"2019","author":"Blana D","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"bibr11-0954411920985753","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17092020"},{"key":"bibr12-0954411920985753","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2007.07.009"},{"key":"bibr13-0954411920985753","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/11\/5\/056027"},{"key":"bibr14-0954411920985753","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PHT.2013.6461326"},{"key":"bibr15-0954411920985753","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCICA.2006.1713839"},{"key":"bibr16-0954411920985753","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ChiCC.2016.7553988"},{"key":"bibr17-0954411920985753","volume-title":"Transtibial amputations successes and challenges","author":"Smith DG","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr18-0954411920985753","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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