{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:35:01Z","timestamp":1777926901704,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Brazilian National Health Fund"},{"name":"Foundation to Support Research and Innovation of the State of Santa Catarina"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006506","name":"minist\u00e9rio da sa\u00fade","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006506","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"conselho nacional de desenvolvimento cient\u00edfico e tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc Inst Mech Eng H"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Total hip arthroplasty stem fracture is an important contributor to morbidity rate and increases the cost of revision surgery. Failure is usually caused by issues related to overload, inadequate stem support, inappropriate stem design or dimensions and material processing. In this study, the role of the relationship between material characterization and biomechanical performance in the fracture of retrieved stems was explored. The stems were manufactured with forged stainless steel, had the same length, 12\/14 trunnion, and 28-mm head. These stems were evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic examination to identify the causes of premature failure. Each stem was sectioned into four regions, and the cross-sections were used for the microhardness and grain size analysis. Finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out, considering the stem positioned at the femur, a musculoskeletal model, and biomechanical loading. All stems had fractured through a fatigue mechanism, mainly a unidirectional bending loading condition, with crack nucleation on the lateral side and propagation on the medial side. The numerical analysis revealed maximum mechanical stress on the lateral side of the stem neck, but this was below the yield stress calculated via the hardness. The use of a shorter head neck length could reduce the maximum mechanical stress at the neck. At a cross-section near the plane of the stem fracture, the hardness was lower than that normally reported by the ASM, and there were heterogonous and coarse grain sizes on the lateral side. The main cause of failure of the two stems analyzed was a combination of low hardness and coarse grain size, due to inappropriate materials processing, worsen by a high level of stress on the lateral side of the neck due to the large stem-head offset selected by the orthopedic surgeon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09544119211049580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T08:40:19Z","timestamp":1634805619000},"page":"147-157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Retrieval analysis of neck fracture on uni-modular total hip arthroplasty stems: The contributions of material processing and stem design"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"236","author":[{"given":"Patricia O","family":"Cubillos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanical Engineering Laboratory (LEBm) of University Hospital, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florian\u00f3polis, Santa Catarina, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6484-8794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vin\u00edcius O","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanical Engineering Laboratory (LEBm) of University Hospital, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florian\u00f3polis, Santa Catarina, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel A","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanical Engineering Laboratory (LEBm) of University Hospital, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florian\u00f3polis, Santa Catarina, Brazil"},{"name":"Polydoro Ernani de S\u00e3o Thiago University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis, Santa Catarina, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ari DO","family":"Mor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanical Engineering Laboratory (LEBm) of University Hospital, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florian\u00f3polis, Santa Catarina, Brazil"},{"name":"Polydoro Ernani de S\u00e3o Thiago University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis, Santa Catarina, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edison","family":"da Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GRANTE, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Florian\u00f3polis, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo A","family":"Fancello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GRANTE, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Florian\u00f3polis, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos RM","family":"Roesler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanical Engineering Laboratory (LEBm) of University Hospital, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florian\u00f3polis, Santa Catarina, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-09544119211049580","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003291"},{"key":"bibr2-09544119211049580","volume-title":"The New Zealand Joint Registry: twenty-one year report January 1999 to December 2019","author":"New Zealand Orthopaedic Association"},{"key":"bibr3-09544119211049580","unstructured":"AOANJRR. 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