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In particular, during PPSI operations, surgeons bend rods according to the patients\u2019 spinal curvatures based on their own experiences. As a result, residual stresses develop on the rods due to this bending. Although many finite element-based biomechanical studies have been performed for PPSI, studies comparing the effects of residual stresses arising from rod contouring on the construct stresses are lacking. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of residual stress in PPSI using rods contoured with a French bender and an in-situ bender, as well as comparing the differences in stress increment with straight and contoured rods for different physiological motions. Accordingly, a finite element (FE) model of the L4-L5 lumbar spine segment was developed for PPSI and the effects of residual stresses on rods were investigated by using different bending methods. In the simulations, it was found that rods contoured with a French bender with residual stress resulted in significantly more increased stress in PPSI compared to those contoured with an in-situ bender. The results of this study emphasize that increased stress in PPSI due to the residual stresses for different physiological motions may increase the risk of PPSI failures. Additionally, the finite element modeling approach employed here could be used as a fundamental tool for further investigations of topics such as PPSI fatigue life and failure studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09544119221096582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T11:49:15Z","timestamp":1651837755000},"page":"960-972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The effects of pre-stressed rods contoured by different bending techniques on posterior instrumentation of L4-L5 lumbar spine segment: A finite element study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"236","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3325-3528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emre","family":"Sengul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, \u00c7ankaya, Ankara, Turkey"},{"name":"Mechanical Engineer, Roketsan Inc., Lalahan, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramazan","family":"Ozmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Karab\u00fck University, Merkez, Karab\u00fck, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6352-8302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teyfik","family":"Demir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, \u00c7ankaya, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-09544119221096582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2016.59.2.91"},{"key":"bibr2-09544119221096582","first-page":"20","volume":"10","author":"Jain P","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Manuf Mater Mech Eng"},{"key":"bibr3-09544119221096582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2018.10.003"},{"key":"bibr4-09544119221096582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5704\/MOJ.1903.002"},{"key":"bibr5-09544119221096582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-020-02115-5"},{"key":"bibr6-09544119221096582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2016.59.5.425"},{"key":"bibr7-09544119221096582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20150603-61"},{"key":"bibr8-09544119221096582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31827ba066"},{"key":"bibr9-09544119221096582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2013.08.004"},{"key":"bibr10-09544119221096582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.07.461"},{"key":"bibr11-09544119221096582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-020-00078-5"},{"key":"bibr12-09544119221096582","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benzel EC. 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