{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T04:58:05Z","timestamp":1793163485943,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc Inst Mech Eng H"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Inverse dynamics analysis of prosthetic legs with polycentric knees is complex due to increased number of links. The present work proposes a simple and general method called equivalent system (ES) analysis. The ES analysis provides forces and moment at hip joint as well as at the functional knee centre (FKC), the instant centre of the polycentric knee. The input to the ES analysis is the motion data. For validation of the proposed method, synthetic motion data for the swing phase of walking with prosthetic legs having different knees are generated by simulations using ADAMS. The hip kinetics evaluated by the proposed method is compared with that from ADAMS. The root mean square errors of the ES analysis are lower than 17 (10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) N for hip reaction forces and 2.6 (10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) Nm for the hip moments, thereby validating the proposed method. In order to demonstrate the application of the proposed methodology, the motion data of two transfemoral amputees using single-axis and four-bar knee prostheses are obtained during gait trials. The hip kinetics as well as kinetics at FKC are computed using ES analysis. Hip power during the swing phase is also evaluated and compared. The results are presented in this paper and discussed. The ES analysis is shown to be a versatile tool to provide insights into the human-mechanism interaction.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09544119231157144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T02:09:56Z","timestamp":1677636596000},"page":"467-480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Equivalent system based inverse dynamics analysis of transfemoral prosthetic legs: Validation and application"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"237","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2644-8113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S","family":"Sudeesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6677-8128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"MS","family":"Shunmugam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3456-1220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S","family":"Sujatha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-09544119231157144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03093649409164401"},{"key":"bibr2-09544119231157144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008526-199600820-00004"},{"key":"bibr3-09544119231157144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364616652017"},{"key":"bibr4-09544119231157144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0263574704001353"},{"key":"bibr5-09544119231157144","volume-title":"Mechanism design analysis and synthesis","author":"Erdman AG","year":"2001","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr6-09544119231157144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/86.340873"},{"key":"bibr7-09544119231157144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(00)00102-0"},{"key":"bibr8-09544119231157144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JPO.0b013e3181cba08b"},{"key":"bibr9-09544119231157144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470549148"},{"key":"bibr10-09544119231157144","volume-title":"Research methods in biomechanics","author":"Robertson DGE","year":"2013","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr11-09544119231157144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JPO.0000000000000251"},{"key":"bibr12-09544119231157144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JPO.0000000000000384"},{"key":"bibr13-09544119231157144","first-page":"1","author":"Smith JD","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"bibr14-09544119231157144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.10.002"},{"key":"bibr15-09544119231157144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(03)00106-4"},{"key":"bibr16-09544119231157144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2003.09.018"},{"key":"bibr17-09544119231157144","unstructured":"Beardmore R. 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