{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:02:34Z","timestamp":1792519354802,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc Inst Mech Eng H"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ankle arthrodesis is the gold standard for treatment of end-stage arthritis. The goal of ankle arthrodesis is to obtain bony union between the tibia and the talus. Retrograde intramedullary nailing is typically reserved for ankle and subtalar joints arthrodesis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of two different materials, two locking pin configurations and two nail designs of a retrograde locked intramedullary nail used for ankle arthrodesis. Using the finite element analysis, a numerical study of ankle arthrodesis was developed to evaluate the effect of materials: TI-6Al-4V and stainless steel AISI 316 LVM; two locking pin configurations: five and six pins, on two intramedullary nails: \u00d810\u2009\u00d7\u2009180\u2009mm and \u00d811\u2009\u00d7\u2009200\u2009mm. A model of a healthy foot was created from tomographic scans. It was found that the mechanical stimulus required to achieve bone fusion were higher for \u00d810\u2009\u00d7\u2009180 nails (6.868\u2009\u00b1\u20090.047) than the \u00d811\u2009\u00d7\u2009200 nails (5.918\u2009\u00b1\u20090.047; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SEM). We also found that six-pin configuration had a higher mechanical stimulus (6.470\u2009\u00b1\u20090.047) than the five-pin configuration (6.316\u2009\u00b1\u20090.046; p\u2009=\u20090.020). Similarly, it was higher for titanium (6.802\u2009\u00b1\u20090.047) than those for stainless steel (5.984\u2009\u00b1\u20090.046; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Finally, the subtalar zone presented higher values (7.132\u2009\u00b1\u20090.043) than the tibiotalar zone (5.653\u2009\u00b1\u20090.050; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The highest mechanical stimulus around the vicinity of tibiotalar and subtalar joint was obtained by \u00d810\u2009\u00d7\u2009180 nails, made of titanium alloy, with 6P.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09544119231221191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T04:31:34Z","timestamp":1704774694000},"page":"198-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparative study of two retrograde locked intramedullary nail designs for ankle arthrodesis: A finite element analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"238","author":[{"given":"V\u00edctor Manuel","family":"Araujo-Monsalvo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biomec\u00e1nica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n \u201cLuis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra,\u201d Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Fernanda","family":"Toledo-Romo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica, SEPI-ESIME, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Germ\u00e1n An\u00edbal","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica, SEPI-ESIME, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Escamilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deformidades Neuromusculares, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n \u201cLuis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra,\u201d Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8922-7006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor Manuel","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biomec\u00e1nica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n \u201cLuis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra,\u201d Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Meneses-Amador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica, SEPI-ESIME, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Ricardo","family":"Cort\u00e9s-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deformidades Neuromusculares, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n \u201cLuis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra,\u201d Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Coria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tomograf\u00eda Computada, Instituto Nacional de 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