{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:35:19Z","timestamp":1777926919346,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc Inst Mech Eng H"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study developed a practical device for guiding distal interlocking screws during intramedullary nail fixation, aiming to address issues associated with the conventional free-hand approach using fluoroscopy. The objectives were to attain precision, reduce radiation exposure, and ease of operation. A small cylindrical magnet was embedded in the distal screw hole to emit signals for positioning. Due to the magnet's relatively weak magnetic force, especially in clinical settings with obese patients, the required long sensing distance is significant, making it susceptible to interference from the Earth's magnetic field. Therefore, three magnetic sensors were integrated to detect subtle magnetic changes: two sensors detect the position and tilt of the magnet, while the third sensor identifies the Earth's magnetic field. Consequently, this handheld device can freely rotate and tilt in three-dimensional space to accommodate the surgical site as required by the patient. Testing was conducted on porcine legs using a nonferromagnetic intramedullary nail and a magnet. Two validation methods were employed: passing a cotton rope through the drilled hole and using colored tape to assess drill bit accuracy. In tests, all targets of passing through the intramedullary nail hole were successfully achieved, with high accuracy rate (position accuracy of 91%\u201396%). Since this device is self-contained, sterilization can be achieved using an external plastic protective cover. The developed device offers a safe, accurate, and efficient radiation-free solution for distal screw placement, with strong clinical applicability and ease of use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09544119251357640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T05:13:01Z","timestamp":1755839581000},"page":"775-787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a radiation-free magnetic guidance device for distal screw placement in intramedullary nails"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"239","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5649-5661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Chih","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Tzu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng-Lin","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Diagnostics &amp; Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8726-9998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Po-Jen","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(75)80002-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181c29bc0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668080-00019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100160508"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200501000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199522240-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199802000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.73B1.1991783"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2012.94.5.364a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-020-02196-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BTO.0000000000000402"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198801000-00034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.73B4.2071655"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3182828e10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199303000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769050-00019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198567050-00005"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"312","article-title":"Exposure of surgeons-in-training to radiation during intramedullary fixation of femoral shaft fractures","volume":"81","author":"Coetzee JC","year":"1992","unstructured":"Coetzee JC, Van Der Merwe EJ. Exposure of surgeons-in-training to radiation during intramedullary fixation of femoral shaft fractures. S Afr Med J 1992; 81(6): 312\u2013314.","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(88)90107-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52312\/jdrs.2021.297"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00382-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004020050215"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199907000-00033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(01)00115-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199708000-00015"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"280","article-title":"Is electromagnetic guidance system superior to a free-hand technique for distal locking in intramedullary nailing of tibial fractures? A prospective comparative study","volume":"26","author":"Aslan A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aslan A, Konya MN, G\u00fclc\u00fc A, et al. Is electromagnetic guidance system superior to a free-hand technique for distal locking in intramedullary nailing of tibial fractures? A prospective comparative study. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2020; 26(2): 280\u2013286.","journal-title":"Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2021.106326"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2024.3357619"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2012.08.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000125"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000011305"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","unstructured":"Szakelyhidi DC. Development of a magnetic targeting device applied to interlocking of distal intramedullary nail screw holes. Masters thesis Virginia Tech https:\/\/vtechworks.lib.vt.edu\/items\/56a24121-473e-467f-ada3-4b5ef8a7a279 (2002 accessed 26 July 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICISS.2010.5657179"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2021.3059044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3619403"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2024.105086"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICI-BME.2017.8537715"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering","author":"Martinez R","year":"2007","unstructured":"Martinez R, Minor A. Assistant system for locking intramedullary nails used to repair fractures of the long bones. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering; 2007; Mexico City, Mexico."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","volume-title":"Study on anthropometry and push-pull strength","author":"Liu Du","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu Du. Study on anthropometry and push-pull strength. Taipei: Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Labor, 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","first-page":"26","article-title":"Microelectromechanical sensors automated testing system","volume":"3","author":"Vasylenko MP","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vasylenko MP. Microelectromechanical sensors automated testing system. Electron Control Syst 2017; 3: 26\u201331.","journal-title":"Electron Control Syst"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2005.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAE-2010-1063"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09544119251357640","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/09544119251357640","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09544119251357640","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:29:40Z","timestamp":1777674580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09544119251357640"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/09544119251357640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09544119251357640","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-4119","2041-3033"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-4119","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-3033","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}}}