{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T01:06:38Z","timestamp":1773104798990,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]],"date-time":"2008-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1201824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antivir Chem Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aminoglycoside G418 is commonly used to generate stable replicons for RNA viruses, such as hepatitis C virus, West Nile virus, and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). This precludes testing G418's own antiviral activities against those viruses. Here, we report antiviral activity of G418 against BVDV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cell viability and virus yield reduction assays were used to investigate antiviral effects of G418 against BVDV. The expression of viral proteins and RNA were determined by western blot and real-time quantitive PCR, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We demonstrated that G418 (50% cytotoxicity concentration of 400 \u00b5g\/ml) improved cell viability of Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells infected with a cytopathic strain of BVDV (NADL) in a dose-dependent manner with 50% effective concentration of 4 \u00b5g\/ml. Interestingly, close structural analogues with known properties as translation inhibitors similar to G418 \u2014 kanamycin and gentamicin \u2014 had no antiviral activity against BVDV. In addition, G418 inhibits virus yield of two different strains of BVDV (NADL and NY-1) without affecting viral RNA replication and translation or viral NS3 protein processing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data indicate that antiviral activity of G418 could result from interference with either the assembly or release of active virus, rather than the regulation of viral translation and replication. Thus, we propose the use of chemical analogues of G418 as antiviral therapeutics for treatment of viral diseases associated with the Flaviviridae family, such as hepatitis C virus, dengue virus, yellow fever virus, West Nile virus and others.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/095632020801900105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,16]],"date-time":"2015-03-16T17:01:37Z","timestamp":1426525297000},"page":"33-40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Antiviral Activity of Geneticin against Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Alexander V","family":"Birk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hepatitis and Viral Research, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward J","family":"Dubovi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianchao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hepatitis and Viral Research, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hazel H","family":"Szeto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, 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