{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:36:22Z","timestamp":1777926982155,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The pattern of sex work in Thailand has shifted substantially over the last two decades from direct commercial establishments to indirect venues and non-venue-based settings. This respondent-driven sampling survey was conducted in Bangkok in 2007 among female sex workers (FSW) in non-venue-based settings to pilot a new approach to surveillance among this hidden population. Fifteen initial participants recruited 707 consenting participants who completed a behavioural questionnaire, and provided oral fluid for HIV testing, and urine for sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing. Overall HIV prevalence was 20.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 16.3\u201324.7). Three-quarters of women were street-based (75.8%, 95% CI 69.9\u201381.1) who had an especially high HIV prevalence (22.7%, 95% CI 18.2\u201328.4); about 10 times higher than that found in routine sentinel surveillance among venue-based FSW (2.5%). STI prevalence ( Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) was 8.7% (95% CI 6.4\u201310.8) and 1.0% (95% CI 0.2\u20131.9), respectively. Lower price per sex act and a current STI infection were independently associated with HIV infection ( P &lt; 0.05). High HIV prevalence found among FSW participating in the survey, particularly non-venue-based FSW, identifies need for further prevention efforts. In addition, it identifies a higher-risk segment of FSW not reached through routine sentinel surveillance but accessible through this survey method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462412472300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,30]],"date-time":"2013-05-30T18:04:43Z","timestamp":1369937083000},"page":"34-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Unexpectedly high HIV prevalence among female sex workers in Bangkok, Thailand in a respondent-driven sampling survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Manopaiboon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global AIDS Program, Thailand\/Asia Regional Office, Thailand MOPH-U.S. CDC Collaboration, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthabhuri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Prybylski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global AIDS Program, Thailand\/Asia Regional Office, Thailand MOPH-U.S. CDC Collaboration, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthabhuri"},{"name":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Subhachaturas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Tanpradech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global AIDS Program, Thailand\/Asia Regional Office, Thailand MOPH-U.S. CDC Collaboration, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthabhuri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Suksripanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global AIDS Program, Thailand\/Asia Regional Office, Thailand MOPH-U.S. CDC Collaboration, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthabhuri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"U","family":"Siangphoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global AIDS Program, Thailand\/Asia Regional Office, Thailand MOPH-U.S. CDC Collaboration, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthabhuri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L G","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco, Global Health Sciences, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Akarasewi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global AIDS Program, Thailand\/Asia Regional Office, Thailand MOPH-U.S. CDC Collaboration, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthabhuri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K K","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global AIDS Program, Thailand\/Asia Regional Office, Thailand MOPH-U.S. CDC Collaboration, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthabhuri"},{"name":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S J","family":"Whitehead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global AIDS Program, Thailand\/Asia Regional Office, Thailand MOPH-U.S. CDC Collaboration, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthabhuri"},{"name":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"IJSA-12-046C1","unstructured":"WHO South-East Asia Regional Office and Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. 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