{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:36:34Z","timestamp":1777926994517,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Advances in technology have raised the possibility of including gonorrhoea testing as part of chlamydia screening. In England this is recommended only where the positive predictive value (PPV) of the test is &gt;90%. This study assessed the PPV for gonorrhoea testing using routine testing data. Routine data (including gonorrhoea testing) from the Greater Manchester Chlamydia Screening Programme (GMCSP) in 2009\/2010, were used to estimate the PPV for gonorrhoea testing. Of those screened, 0.3% (59\/18044) of men and 0.4% (174\/41873) of women tested positive for gonorrhoea. The PPV was 82.3% in women and 73.6% in men, in those who also tested positive for chlamydia. For women and men testing negative for chlamydia the PPV for a positive gonorrhoea test was incalculable. The low PPV observed in most groups suggests that where population testing for gonorrhoea occurs there is a need for further confirmatory testing of positive results before treatment decisions are made. Clinicians should be aware of screening test result limitations in this context.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462412472443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,24]],"date-time":"2013-06-24T18:45:53Z","timestamp":1372099553000},"page":"185-191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Estimating the positive predictive value of opportunistic population testing for gonorrhoea as part of the English Chlamydia Screening Programme"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"T","family":"Fowler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Urologic and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, The University of Birmingham. Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Edeghere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection Agency-West Midlands, Birmingham B3 2PW, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Inglis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, NHS Coventry, Coventry, CV1 2GQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Bradshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462412472443","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.79.1.16"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462412472443","first-page":"1","volume":"18","author":"Johnson RE","year":"2002","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462412472443","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.1.304-309.2003"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462412472443","unstructured":"Genprobe: APTIMA COMBO 2\n                      \u00ae\n                      Assay. See http:\/\/www.gen-probe.com\/pdfs\/pi\/502183-EN-RevB.pdf (last checked 19 July 2012)"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462412472443","volume-title":"GRASP 2008 ReportTrends in Antimicrobial Resistant Gonorrhoea.","author":"Health Protection Agency.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462412472443","volume-title":"Evaluation of the Greater Manchester RU Clear? Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea Screening Programme.","author":"Downing J","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462412472443","unstructured":"Greater Manchester NHS Trusts. R U Clear Chlamdydia and Gonorrhoea. See http:\/\/www.ruclear.co.uk\/ (last checked 14 June 2010)"},{"key":"bibr8-0956462412472443","unstructured":"Liverpool Primary Care Trust. Easy Peesy Testing. See http:\/\/www.eesypeesytesting.nhs.uk\/about-your-results.asp (last checked 14 June 2010)"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462412472443","volume-title":"Guidance for Gonorrhoea Testing in England and Wales.","author":"British Association of Sexual Health &amp; HIV, Health Protection Agency.","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr10-0956462412472443","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6943.1552"},{"key":"bibr11-0956462412472443","volume-title":"A Complex Picture. 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See http:\/\/www.statistics.gov.uk\/statbase\/product.asp?vlnk=15106 (last checked 26 May 2010)"},{"key":"bibr17-0956462412472443","volume-title":"STI Epidemiology in 2009.","author":"Health Protection Agency."},{"key":"bibr18-0956462412472443","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.1.304-309.2003"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462412472443","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0956462412472443","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462412472443","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:31:41Z","timestamp":1777674701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0956462412472443"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0956462412472443"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956462412472443","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}}}