{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:37:02Z","timestamp":1777927022357,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,19]],"date-time":"2013-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374192000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>As a concentrated epidemic, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is spreading rapidly in one or more groups in Iran, but in the general population its prevalence is relatively low. Female sex workers (FSWs) and their partners are at greater risk for HIV infection. To determine the prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including gonorrhoea, Chlamydia, herpes simplex type 2 and syphilis among FSWs. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 278 FSWs in Shiraz, by using respondent-driven sampling, from June to March 2010. The recruitment chain started with 14 seeds, and FSWs were tested for HIV, syphilis, herpes simplex type 2, gonorrhoea and Chlamydia. HIV prevalence was 4.7% (13\/278); the most prevalent STI was herpes simplex type 2, 9.7% (27\/278), followed by Chlamydia 9% (25\/278), gonorrhoea 1.4% (4\/278) and syphilis (0\/278). The FSWs reported drug use (69.9%) of which 16.4% had history of injecting drug use. Unprotected sex in the past month was reported by 24.4% of FSWs. Urgent education and risk reduction programmes are needed in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462413496227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,19]],"date-time":"2013-07-19T23:12:27Z","timestamp":1374275547000},"page":"155-161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Shiraz, South of Iran: by respondent-driven sampling"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Parvin Afsar","family":"Kazerooni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiraz HIV\/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasrin","family":"Motazedian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiraz HIV\/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Motamedifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiraz HIV\/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehrab","family":"Sayadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mojghan","family":"Sabet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmood Amini","family":"Lari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiraz HIV\/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kianoush","family":"Kamali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control (CDC) of Iran, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462413496227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-317"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462413496227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200104003-00005"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462413496227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e32833a8844"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462413496227","unstructured":"UNAIDS\/WHO Working Group on Global HIV\/AIDS and STI surveillance. The pre-surveillance assessment Guidelines for planning Serosurveillance of HIV, prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and the behavioural components of second generation surveillance of HIV. http:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/pub\/surveillance\/sti\/en\/ (accessed date 29 June 2013)."},{"key":"bibr5-0956462413496227","author":"Hakre S","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462413496227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/739624"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462413496227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000386735.87177.2a"},{"key":"bibr8-0956462413496227","unstructured":"Musyoki H, Kim A, Geibel S, et\u00a0al. High prevalence of HIV infection among female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya: results of a respondent-driven sampling study, 2010\u20132011. MOPE242. Poster Exhibition, http:\/\/pag.aids2012.org\/Abstracts.aspx?AID=5633 (accessed date 29 June 2013)."},{"key":"bibr9-0956462413496227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050171"},{"key":"bibr10-0956462413496227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2009.038513"},{"key":"bibr11-0956462413496227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000386736.25296.8d"},{"key":"bibr12-0956462413496227","unstructured":"National AIDS Committee Secretariat, Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Islamic Republic of Iran A IDS Progress Report On Monitoring of the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV and AIDS. March 2012, http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/dataanalysis\/knowyourresponse\/countryprogressreports\/2012countries (accessed date 29 June 2013)."},{"key":"bibr13-0956462413496227","first-page":"60","volume":"41","author":"Navadeh S","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iranian J Publ Health"},{"key":"bibr14-0956462413496227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/JAHR11.030"},{"key":"bibr15-0956462413496227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000543"},{"key":"bibr16-0956462413496227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181c7d72f"},{"key":"bibr17-0956462413496227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032627"},{"key":"bibr18-0956462413496227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-008-9396-z"},{"key":"bibr19-0956462413496227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000172879.20628.e1"},{"key":"bibr20-0956462413496227","first-page":"1452","volume":"16","author":"Kolahi AA","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462413496227","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0956462413496227","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462413496227","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:32:45Z","timestamp":1777674765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0956462413496227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,19]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0956462413496227"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956462413496227","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,19]]}}}