{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T18:53:54Z","timestamp":1778612034070,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,10]],"date-time":"2014-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hyperbilirubinaemia with or without jaundice is one of the side effects of atazanavir boosted with low-dose ritonavir (ATV\/rit) related to the drug plasma levels, as a result of its metabolism by UGT1A1 \u2013 uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferase. Genotyping for UGT1A1*28 before initiation of antiretroviral therapy containing atazanavir may aid in identifying individuals at risk of hyperbilirubinaemia. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of the UGTA1A1*28 polymorphism in HIV-infected individuals in Greece and to determine its potential association with hyperbilirubinaemia in patients receiving ATV\/rit. The prevalence of the UGTA1A1*28 variant was estimated in 79 HIV-infected patients prior to the administration of the first-line treatment. The UGTA1A1*28 variant was detected in 46 out of 79 individuals (58.2%). Antiretroviral therapy was administered to 64\/79 patients (81%). Among them, 26\/64 (40.6%) received ATV\/rit. Of the ATV\/rit-treated patients, 14 were found to be carriers of the UGT1A1*28 variant (54%), and maximum serum bilirubin levels were significantly higher in the carrier population (4.71 vs. 2.69\u2009mg\/dL, p\u2009=\u20090.026). In 50% of the population, maximum levels were recorded in the first month of follow-up. Although carriage of UGT1A1 is linked with the development of hyperbilirubinaemia, the implementation of a pharmacogenomic approach in clinical practice cannot yet be recommended as a standard of care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462414523259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,10]],"date-time":"2014-02-10T22:15:15Z","timestamp":1392070515000},"page":"860-865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["High prevalence of the UGT1A1*28 variant in HIV-infected individuals in Greece"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Panagopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of Internal Medicine, ATTIKON University General Hospital, Haidari Athens, Greece"},{"name":"2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Paraskevis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hygiene and Epidemiology Department, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Katsarolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of Internal Medicine, ATTIKON University General Hospital, Haidari Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Sypsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hygiene and Epidemiology Department, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Detsika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hygiene and Epidemiology Department, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Protopapas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of Internal Medicine, ATTIKON University General Hospital, Haidari Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Antoniadou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of Internal Medicine, ATTIKON University General Hospital, Haidari Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of Internal Medicine, ATTIKON University General Hospital, Haidari Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Petrikkos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of Internal Medicine, ATTIKON University General Hospital, Haidari Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Hatzakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hygiene and Epidemiology Department, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462414523259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001033"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462414523259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08158-8"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462414523259","unstructured":"European AIDS Clinical Society Guidelines for the treatment of HIV infected adults in Europe (Version 7), http:\/\/www.eacsociety.org\/portals\/O\/Guidelines_Online_131014pdf (accessed October 2013)."},{"key":"bibr4-0956462414523259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200408150-00003"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462414523259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200969080-00009"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462414523259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/466531"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462414523259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.28.6.755"},{"key":"bibr8-0956462414523259","unstructured":"WHO Toxicity Grading Scale for determining the severity of adverse events, http:\/\/www.icssc.org\/Documents\/Resources\/AEManual2003AppendicesFebruary_06_2003%20final. pdf (accessed 1 May 2013)."},{"key":"bibr9-0956462414523259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.14.8170"},{"key":"bibr10-0956462414523259","first-page":"329","volume":"42","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"1993","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr11-0956462414523259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2010.02.009"},{"key":"bibr12-0956462414523259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/gtmb.2008.0095"},{"key":"bibr13-0956462414523259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis690"},{"key":"bibr14-0956462414523259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2011.0092"},{"key":"bibr15-0956462414523259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328273bc07"},{"key":"bibr16-0956462414523259","first-page":"2391","volume":"18","author":"Haas DW","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"bibr17-0956462414523259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks175"},{"key":"bibr18-0956462414523259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.633206"},{"key":"bibr19-0956462414523259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2500"},{"key":"bibr20-0956462414523259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328011d7c1"},{"key":"bibr21-0956462414523259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2011.0261"},{"key":"bibr22-0956462414523259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1R550"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462414523259","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0956462414523259","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462414523259","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:33:25Z","timestamp":1777674805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0956462414523259"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,10]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0956462414523259"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956462414523259","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,10]]}}}