{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T01:02:27Z","timestamp":1785286947390,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,22]],"date-time":"2014-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400716800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the UK, despite its low sensitivity, wet mount microscopy is often the only method of detecting Trichomonas vaginalis infection. A study was conducted in symptomatic women to compare the performance of five methods for detecting T. vaginalis: an in-house polymerase chain reaction (PCR); Aptima T. vaginalis kit; OSOM \u00aeTrichomonas Rapid Test; culture and microscopy. Symptomatic women underwent routine testing; microscopy and further swabs were taken for molecular testing, OSOM and culture. A true positive was defined as a sample that was positive for T. vaginalis by two or more different methods. Two hundred and forty-six women were recruited: 24 patients were positive for T. vaginalis by two or more different methods. Of these 24 patients, 21 patients were detected by real-time PCR (sensitivity 88%); 22 patients were detected by the Aptima T. vaginalis kit (sensitivity 92%); 22 patients were detected by OSOM (sensitivity 92%); nine were detected by wet mount microscopy (sensitivity 38%); and 21 were detected by culture (sensitivity 88%). Two patients were positive by just one method and were not considered true positives. All the other detection methods had a sensitivity to detect T. vaginalis that was significantly greater than wet mount microscopy, highlighting the number of cases that are routinely missed even in symptomatic women if microscopy is the only diagnostic method available.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462414534833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,22]],"date-time":"2014-05-22T23:33:00Z","timestamp":1400801580000},"page":"251-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Microscopy outperformed in a comparison of five methods for detecting\n                    <i>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/i>\n                    in symptomatic women"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"B","family":"Nathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sexual Health and HIV Medicine, Caldecot Centre, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Appiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Bacteria Reference Laboratory (STBRL), Public Health England Centre for Infections, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Bacteria Reference Laboratory (STBRL), Public Health England Centre for Infections, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Heron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sexual Health and HIV Medicine, Caldecot Centre, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Bacteria Reference Laboratory (STBRL), Public Health England Centre for Infections, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Brum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sexual Health and HIV Medicine, Caldecot Centre, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Bacteria Reference Laboratory (STBRL), Public Health England Centre for Infections, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Baraitser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sexual Health and HIV Medicine, Caldecot Centre, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Ison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Bacteria Reference Laboratory (STBRL), Public Health England Centre for Infections, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462414534833","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Department of Reproductive Health and Research. Prevalence and incidence of selected curable sexually transmitted infections: overviews and estimates, http:\/\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/publications\/2011\/9789241502450_eng.pdf (2005, accessed 22 November 2013)."},{"key":"bibr2-0956462414534833","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2011.011102"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462414534833","first-page":"e1","volume":"188","author":"Nye MB","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462414534833","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01291-11"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462414534833","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00671-08"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462414534833","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199707000-00008"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462414534833","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/511278"},{"key":"bibr8-0956462414534833","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/526496"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462414534833","unstructured":"Public Health England. National HIV surveillance data tables, HIV prevalence by local authority of residence 2012, http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/web\/HPAweb&Page&HPAwebAutoListName\/Page\/1201094588844#1._National_HIV_Surveillance_Data_Tables\u2009(2013, accessed 30 April 2014)."},{"key":"bibr10-0956462414534833","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3282f3d999"},{"key":"bibr11-0956462414534833","first-page":"1","volume":"29","author":"Mitchell HD","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"bibr12-0956462414534833","unstructured":"Public Health England. Number of STI diagnoses & services in England, PHE Regions and PHE Centres, 2009\u20132012, http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/webc\/HPAwebFile\/HPAweb_C\/1281953080247 (2013, accessed 22 November 2013)."},{"key":"bibr13-0956462414534833","unstructured":"Perry M, Benzie A, Erasmus K, et\u00a0al. Clinical utility of a nucleic acid amplification test for\n                      Trichomonas vaginalis\n                      in a targeted urban genitourinary medicine clinic population. In:\n                      Oral presentation, British Association for Sexual Health and HIV\n                      (\n                      BASHH\n                      )\n                      Spring Meeting\n                      , Gateshead, 11th\u201313th May 2011."},{"key":"bibr14-0956462414534833","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.022376"},{"key":"bibr15-0956462414534833","first-page":"819","volume":"40","author":"Kengne P","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Bio"},{"key":"bibr16-0956462414534833","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3182228911"},{"key":"bibr17-0956462414534833","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01547-12"},{"key":"bibr18-0956462414534833","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nathan B, Appiah J, Heron D, et\u00a0al. Evaluation of 5 different tests for\n                      Trichomonas vaginalis\n                      infection and cost effective planning for clinical implementation. In:\n                      Oral presentation. STI and AIDs World Congress\n                      ,Vienna, Austria, July 2013.","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051184.0113"},{"key":"bibr19-0956462414534833","unstructured":"British Association for Sexual Health and HIV.\n                      Trichomonas vaginalis\n                      management guidelines 2014, http:\/\/www.bashh.org\/documents\/UK%20national%20guideline%20on%20the%20management%20of%20TV%20%202014.pdf (2014, accessed 30\/04\/2014)."},{"key":"bibr20-0956462414534833","unstructured":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2010, http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/treatment\/2010\/vaginal-discharge.htm#a2 (2010, accessed 22 November 2013)."}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462414534833","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0956462414534833","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462414534833","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:33:52Z","timestamp":1777674832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0956462414534833"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,22]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0956462414534833"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956462414534833","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,22]]}}}