{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T07:04:21Z","timestamp":1793084661334,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,10]],"date-time":"2014-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404950400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) are two of the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infections in the UK. Although the high burden of extra-genital infections with GC and CT in men who have sex with men has been well established, a significant number of extra-genital site infections with CT and GC could similarly be present in heterosexual women. For this reason we started to routinely offer extra-genital site testing for GC and CT in all patients attending our sexual health clinic who reported having had receptive anal sex and\/or giving oral sex. This followed a review of current evidence by the clinical team and a change in local testing policy. This study not only confirmed a large reservoir of extra-genital infection amongst men who have sex with men, but also demonstrates that a comparable reservoir of extra-genital infection is present amongst heterosexual women. Our study adds to the mounting evidence that extra-genital site testing in heterosexual women should occur when oral or anal sexual activity is reported.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462414543120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,10]],"date-time":"2014-07-10T22:10:35Z","timestamp":1405030235000},"page":"462-466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Should we screen heterosexuals for extra-genital chlamydial and gonococcal infections?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Anna L","family":"Garner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Centre for Sexual Health, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Schembri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Centre for Sexual Health, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Cullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Centre for Sexual Health, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Centre for Sexual Health, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462414543120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.121625"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462414543120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)90002-2"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462414543120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31817bdd7e"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462414543120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2008.034140"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462414543120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.2.835-837.2003"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462414543120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.022731"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462414543120","first-page":"1","volume":"11","author":"Fite C","year":"2010","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"bibr8-0956462414543120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2010.010127","volume":"22","author":"Ghosh I","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462414543120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2012.011378"},{"key":"bibr10-0956462414543120","unstructured":"British Association of Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH). 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