{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:37:51Z","timestamp":1777927071161,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]],"date-time":"2014-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The available estimates of incidence and prevalence of syphilis among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Mainland China are high. We used respondent-driven sampling to recruit MSM in the study population. The participants were followed up to monitor the incidence and change of risk behaviours. A face-to-face interview was used to collect information about high-risk behaviours, demographics and recreational drug use. To test the difference between prevalent and incident cases, two nested matched case-control studies were carried out. The cases were the HIV or syphilis positives found at baseline and during follow-up. We used density sampling to sample six controls for each case. Our results indicate that compared to incident cases, prevalent cases had a higher proportion of reported unprotected anal intercourse for both HIV and syphilis. Regression analysis indicated that unprotected anal intercourse was the main risk factor among HIV-prevalent cases but not in HIV-incident cases. These differences could possibly be explained by the implementation of the risk reduction interventions. Syphilis was not a risk factor for HIV-prevalent cases but was highly associated with HIV-incident cases. Tailored interventions addressing unprotected anal intercourse and other risk factors can help to reduce the prevalence and incidence of HIV and syphilis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462414550170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]],"date-time":"2014-09-23T22:27:01Z","timestamp":1411511221000},"page":"648-655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The difference between HIV and syphilis prevalence and incidence cases: results from a cohort study in Nanjing, China, 2008\u20132010"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Weiming","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giridhara R","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Foundation of India, IIPH-H wing, Bangalore, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Central for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gengfeng","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Central for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiping","family":"Huan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Central for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph D","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Central for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinkou","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Detels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462414550170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq209"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462414550170","volume-title":"A joint assessment of HIV\/AIDS prevention, treatment and care in China","author":"Moh U","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462414550170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.16.6.538.53787"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462414550170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60074-9"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462414550170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2008.034702"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462414550170","first-page":"604","volume":"52","author":"Ruan Y","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAIDS"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462414550170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr182"},{"key":"bibr8-0956462414550170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2008.031682"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462414550170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2011.06.002"},{"key":"bibr10-0956462414550170","unstructured":"Hagan H. Unprotected anal intercourse and sexually transmitted diseases in high-risk heterosexual women\n                      .\n                      2011."},{"key":"bibr11-0956462414550170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2009.21.5.430"},{"key":"bibr12-0956462414550170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069740"},{"key":"bibr13-0956462414550170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rothman KJ, Greenland S, Lash TL, et al. Case\u2013control studies. In: Melnick EL and Everitt BS (eds),\n                      Encyclopedia of quantitative risk analysis and assessment\n                      . Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 2008.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470061596.risk0599"},{"key":"bibr14-0956462414550170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2004.014472"},{"key":"bibr15-0956462414550170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2009.037440"},{"key":"bibr16-0956462414550170","first-page":"570","volume":"41","author":"Kashyap B","year":"2010","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"bibr17-0956462414550170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181d13eed"},{"key":"bibr18-0956462414550170","unstructured":"Rothman KJ, Greenland S and Lash TL, et al.\n                      Modern epidemiology\n                      . 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott & Wilkins, 2008, p.758."},{"key":"bibr19-0956462414550170","first-page":"166","volume":"33","author":"Chen SY","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAIDS"},{"key":"bibr20-0956462414550170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang W, Huan X, Mahapatra T, et\u00a0al.\n                      Factors\n                      associated with unprotected anal intercourse among men who have sex with men: results from a respondent driven sampling survey in Nanjing, China, 2008.\n                      AIDS Behav\n                      2013; 17: 1415\u20131422.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0413-4"},{"key":"bibr21-0956462414550170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.332.7541.605"},{"key":"bibr22-0956462414550170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-008-9481-2"},{"key":"bibr23-0956462414550170","first-page":"349","volume":"51","author":"Ostrow DG","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAIDS"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462414550170","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0956462414550170","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462414550170","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:34:18Z","timestamp":1777674858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0956462414550170"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0956462414550170"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956462414550170","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]]}}}